The purpose of our paper was to evaluate the influence of LED-s emitted light and sunlight treatments on the hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), sprouts. The sprouts were illuminated with three types of LED-s spectrum variants red (R), blue (B) and green (G), and the sunlight represented the reference. Our results showed that blue (B) light LED-s determined a high level of rate and fresh weight of hemp sprouts. The phytochemical compounds content (polyphenols, flavonoids), antioxidant activity (determined by DPPH assay), and protein concentration were evaluated in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) sprouts. The content of polyphenols, flavonoids and protein was significantly higher after exposure to blue (B) light LED-s, while sunlight while green (G) light LED-s improved the antioxidant capacity.

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Light is an important environmental factor for plants. The quality of light and the wavelength stimulate enzyme activation, regulate enzyme synthesis pathways and promote bioactive compound accumulation. In this respect, the utilization of LED light under controlled conditions in agriculture and horticulture could be the most suitable choice for increasing the nutritional values of various crops. In recent decades, LED lighting has been increasingly used in horticulture and agriculture for commercial-scale breeding of many species of economic interest. Most studies on the influence of LED lighting on the accumulation of bioactive compounds in any type of plants (horticultural, agricultural species or sprouts) and also biomass production, were carried out in growth chambers under controlled conditions, without natural light. Illumination with LED could be a solution for obtaining an important crop with maximum efficiency, with a high nutritional value and minimum effort. To demonstrate the importance of LED lighting in agriculture and horticulture, we carried out a review based on a large number of results cited in the literature. The results were collected from 95 articles and were obtained using the keyword LED combined with plant growth; flavonoids; phenols; carotenoids; terpenes; glucosinolates; food preservation. We found the subject regarding the LED effect on plant growth and development in 11 of the articles analyzed. The treatment of LED on phenol content was registered in 19 articles, while information regarding flavonoid concentrations was revealed by 11 articles. Two articles we reviewed debate the accumulation of glucosinolates and four articles analyzed the synthesis of terpenes under LED illumination and 14 papers analyzed the variation in content of carotenoids. The effect of LED on food preservation was reported in 18 of the works analyzed. Some of the 95 papers contained references which included more keywords.

The present study presents the influence exercised by LED (light emitting diodes)-s emitted white (W), red (R), blue (B) light on sprouting of buckwheat seeds and evaluated the effects on content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and flavonoids.The fresh weight of hypocotyls, showed that the R light has generated the best influence for sprouts and W light has generated the most adverse influence. The content of flavonoids was stimulated by R LED for variant sprouts with testa (V3), while both B and R LED inhibited for variant without testa (V4, V6). The higher concentration of polyphenols was obtained for V5 variant illuminated with B LED and increased for V4 variant illuminated with R LED. The antioxidant capacity was higher for V3 variant illuminated with B light and stimulated by R LED in V4 variant.The results contribute to the establishment an efficient working protocol, for obtaining sprouts from buckwheat seeds, with a comprehensive content of bioactive components, various nutrients by applying the R LED treatment.