Few studies have analyzed the gut microbiota of child in unindustrialized countries, but none during the first month of life. Stool samples were collected from healthy newborns in hospitals of Gabon (n = 6) and Republic of the Congo (n = 9) at different time points during the first month of life: meconium, day 2 (D02), day 7 (D07) and day 28 (D28). In addition, one fecal sample was collected from each mother after delivery. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to determine the bacterial communities, and multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect the presence of seven enteric viruses (rotavirus a, adenovirus, norovirus I and II, sapovirus, astrovirus, enterovirus) in these samples. Bacterial diversity was high in the first days of life, and was dominated by the genus Prevotella. Then, it rapidly decreased and remained low up to D28 when the gut flora was composed almost exclusively of strictly anaerobic bacteria. Each infant’s fecal bacterial microbiota composition was significantly closer to that of their mother than to that of any other woman in the mothers’ group, suggesting an intrauterine, placental or amniotic fluid origin of such bacteria. Moreover, bacterial communities differed according to the delivery mode. Overall, the bacterial microbiota communities displayed a similar diversification and expansion in newborns within and between countries during the first four weeks of life. Moreover, six of the fifteen infants of this study harbored enteric viruses (rotavirus, enterovirus and adenovirus) in fecal samples, but never in the meconium. A maternal source for the viruses detected at D02 and D07 can be excluded because none of them was found also in the child’s mother. These findings improve our knowledge on the gut bacterial and viral communities of infants from two Sub-Saharan countries during their first month of life.

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To investigate the HIV-1 subtypes prevalent in the Republic of Congo, we isolated 28 HIV-1 strains from Congolese AIDS patients in 1996 and 1997, and analyzed them phylogenetically. Phylogenetic analysis based on part of the 5' tat-env (vpu) and env sequences revealed that only 13 (46.4%) of the 28 isolates belonged to the same subtype in the vpu tree as in the env tree; the remaining 15 (53.6%) strains showed discordant subtypes between vpu and env with 6 different profiles; that is, 1 A/A (vpu/env), 1 D/D, 5 G/G, 4 H/H, 2 unclassified (U)/U, 9 G/A, 2 G/H, 1 G/J, 1 H/G, 1 U/A, and 1 U/J. Thus, 9 of the 15 discordant HIV-1s were of the G/A (vpu/env) type, and did not form any subcluster within the subtype G lineage in the vpu-based phylogenetic tree. In addition, CRF02_AG (IbNG), which is a G/A (vpu/env) type, was not found in the Republic of Congo. These data suggest that the majority of HIV-1 subtypes circulating in the Republic of Congo have mosaic structures and may have been derived from independent recombinational events.

Goal . Neuromeningeal determine the prevalence of disease in PLHIV and identify factors associated with death. Methodology. Retrospective study on descriptive and analytical referred cases hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases department during the period 1 January 2013 to 31 May 2015. Results. One hundred and fifty patients included (10.5% of admissions) with mean age of 41.1 ± 11.8 years (range 19 to 69) women (n = 86, 57.3%), sex ratio of 1,3. were without jobs (n = 68; 45.3%), single (n = 96; 64%), heterosexually infected by HIV-1 (100%). The average time of consultation was 19.2 ± 1.3 days. Fever (n = 99; 66.0%), disorders of consciousness (n = 66; 44.0%) were the main reasons for consultations. Meningeal stiffness (40%), focal signs (n =62; 41,4%) were the main signs consideration. CSF was clear (n = 94; 62.7%), hyperproteinorachique (59.8%), hypoglycorrachique (43.8%). Examining the ink was positive in 39 cases European Scientific Journal November 2016 edition vol.12, No.33 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 178 (34.8%) The Gerh was positive in 35 patients .the CT abnormalities were dominated abscess (n = 12; 15.4%).. Thirty four patients were on TDF + FTC + EFV regimen. The average hospital stay was 14.4 ± 9.5 days. Overall mortality was 83.2% mainly due to cerebral herniation (n = 28; 33.3%). Conclusion. The prevalence and lethality of diseases neuromeningeal of HIV are high. The diagnosis delay and TNM influence the prognosis of patients; Hence the importance of early detection of HIV infection for its management to prevent immunosuppression.

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