The sanitary and hygienic standards of the Russian Federation (RF), the Eurasian economic Union (EAEU), the China, the European Union and the World Health Organization (WHO) on the content of lead in milk, meat and offal, as well as the maximum permissible levels (MRL) of metal in feed for farm animals established in the RF, the Republic of Belarus, the EAEU and USA are presented. A comparative analysis of national and international standards for lead content in livestock products revealed significant differences. Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) requires harmonization of national and international standards on the content of lead in livestock products (milk, meat, offal). To ensure food security of the population of the RF (milk, meat and offal) on the basis of sanitary-hygienic standards of WHO, it is necessary to clarify the MRL of lead in feed for farm animals in toxicological studies and to scientifically justify the permissible limits of daily intake of lead with a ration.

No abstract

After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, significant territories of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus were in the zone of radioactive contamination. Agricultural production in territories contaminated with radio-nuclides is advisable only when obtaining environmentally safe products. In order to obtain environmentally safe food products and break-even animal husbandry, especially in ecologically unfavorable territories, it is necessary to intensify production by selecting breeds of cattle, the cultivation of which is most effective for the conditions of a particular region. There are various techniques for reducing the content of 137Cs in beef and milk, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. If the use of sorbents requires additional costs, then in the presence of feed slightly contaminated with radio-nuclides, it is possible to obtain livestock products (meat, milk) that meet regulatory indicators without increasing the cost price. The use of sorbents in the production of milk in radionuclide-contaminated areas is advisable if there is processing of dairy raw materials in producing farms. The animals of the Aberdeen-Angus, Simmental meat type and Hereford breeds are the most suitable for beef production in areas contaminated with radio-nuclides. Their breeding, even with a high level of contamination of the diet, will allow you to obtain environmentally friendly meat products.

Пленарные доклады 1Казанский институт биохимии и биофизики -обособленное структурное подразделение ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН, Казань, Россия 2Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, Казань, Россия, 3Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов РАН, Саратов, Россия, 4Институт органической и физической химии им. А.Е. Арбузова -обособленное структурное подразделение ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН, Казань, Россия

A conceptual model of lead metabolism in the organism of farm animals with a multi-chamber stomach under intake with a ration is presented. The input parameters are determined by the daily intake of lead from the diet and the factors that modify this process. The model includes three compartments: 1) transport of lead in the gastrointestinal tract (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small and thick intestine); 2) distribution and accumulation of lead in organs and tissues (liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lungs, blood, mammary gland, skin, muscle and bone tissue); 3) removal of lead from the body (urine, feces, wool, milk, fetal). The paper discusses the use of the model to assess the parameters of the transition on the trophic chain «ration–animal–food», forecasting and determining the acceptable level of lead intake with feed in order to ensure the production of environmentally safe products in the conduct of animal husbandry in conditions of contamination of agricultural land.