A total of 3091 Tipulidae was collected in the provinces of Antalya, AydÕn, Burdur, Denizli, Isparta and Mu÷la between 2003 and 2006, comprising altogther 63 species of the genera Dolichopeza, Nephrotoma and Tipula. Tipula (Lunatipula) zimini semiopaca Savchenko, 1964, is new for Turkey.

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Beekeeping, performed in many parts of the world, has a very large place in the world trade market with bee products such as wax, bee venom, propolis and royal jelly, especially honey production. However, honey bee diseases are quite common and restricted the production of bee products. One of the most important of these diseases, Nosema, is caused by spores in intestinal epithelium cells of the honeybee. Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are the factors of this disease and also common in our country. These two species can be distinguished from each other by molecular diagnostic methods. In this study, materials collected from 152 apiaries located in 13 districts of Muğla province and 62 water sources close to these apiaries. The spores were counted using Thoma lame under light microscope. DNA isolation was carried out from spore positive samples. 218MITOC FOR-REV and 321APIS FOR-REV primers were used to figure out the N. apis and N. ceranae species. After DNA sequence analysis of the obtained amplifications, it was determined that all samples formed 3 haplotypes according to studied sequences for the first time. In Muğla region, the presence of only N. ceranae as a disease agent was determined and the prevalence of the disease was detected at a rate of 71.53±6.02%. Moreover, blast analysis showed that the N. ceranae sequence detected high similarity (94-100 %) with the previously reported in Lebanon, France, Morocco and Thailand samples.

Introduction Tipuloids are dipteran flies with thin, delicate bodies and long legs. Tipuloidea includes the families Limoniidae, Cylindrotomiidae, Pediciidae, and Tipulidae as accepted by many researchers today. They have no ocellus. However, in the dorsal thorax they have a V-shaped mesonotal spur, fragile long legs, and two anal veins that reach up to the edge of the wings (Dienske, 1987; Savchenko, 1989a, 1989b; Reusch and Oosterbroek, 1997; Oosterbroek, 2006). The Limoniidae can be easily distinguished from the other families mentioned above by the venation of the wings, antennae segment number, terminal segment of the maxillary palp, thorax sclerites, and structures of the male and female terminalia. Sc, as opposed to Tipulidae, connects both to C and R together. In Limoniidae, the terminal segment of the maxillary palp is short or the length of the first three segments, while in Tipulidae it is long, even longer than the first three segments combined. While the antenna is 13-segmented in Tipulidae, it is 14or 16-segmented in Limoniidae (except Hexatoma and Lucida). Limoniidae consists of medium-or small-sized flies with body size generally between 2 mm and 11 mm (Oosterbroek, 2006). Limoniidae has 10,547 recognized taxa worldwide. In the Palearctic region, there are 1650 recognized taxa, 735 of which are distributed in the West Palearctic region (Oosterbroek, 2015). About 560 limoniid species and subspecies belonging to 70 genera are known to exist in

The Pediciidae were part of the Limoniidae, which were traditionally included in the Tipulidae (Oosterbroek, 2006); however, they were separated from the Limoniidae by Starý (1992) due to several features in the adult stage. Adult pediciids are ordinarily found in low deciduous vegetation near streams and lakes in forested areas. Many species are abundant and extensively preyed upon by birds, mammals, fish, and other vertebrates, as well as spiders and insects. Larvae are usually found in various aquatic and semiaquatic environments during most of their development. They feed on decaying plant material and fleshy fungi (Ula spp.). The Pediciinae are carnivorous in spring habitats; hence, they move to pupate on the margins of aquatic and semiaquatic environments or in dryer places (Reusch and Oosterbroek, 1997). The Pediciidae currently contain 490 described species worldwide. Of these, 201 species are known in the Palearctic region, mainly in the East Palearctic (Oosterbroek, 2015). So far, 11 pediciid species have been found in Turkey (Oosterbroek, 2015). The aim of this paper is to summarize our knowledge on the Turkish Pediciidae fauna and add new records.