Hypertension remains a global challenge even in the 21st century with attendant increase in mortality rate. The quest for alternative management medications suffixed this investigation using three varieties. Thirty male hypertension induced wistar rats divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each were used. Group A served as the normal control group and was administered 0.9% normal saline as placebo. Group B, C and D were fed with Jos, UTC, Gboko varieties, respectively. Group E was treated with lisinopril at 2.5 mg/kg orally, while group F served as the hypertensive untreated group. Administration lasted for 28 days and all animals were allowed access to food and water ad libitium. Standard methods of noninvasive blood pressure assessment was used to access systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, while the lipid panel was assessed using Cardiocheck test meter (lipidocare) in all the groups. ANOVA was used to analyze data and probability level of p<0.05 considered significant. Results show that rats given Jos and UTC tomatoes performed better as compared to those given Gboko tomatoes but the 3 groups did less well as compared to the Lisinopril group. Groups A and F, the Normotensive and hypertensive controls remained status quo. Groups B and C also did better in having an improvement in the lipid profile, as compared to all the other groups. All these indices put together suggest that the Jos and UTC varieties of tomatoes show a better antihypertensive effect as compared to the Gboko variety and could be used in the management of hypertension owing to the presence of high concentration of antioxidants in them. And if these results are applicable to man, the consumption of Jos and UTC varieties of tomatoes should be encouraged.

This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-diabetic properties of aqueous leaf extract of Adansonia digitata leaf (ALEAD) on blood glucose level. 36 of the rats were randomly distributed into 9. Group one served as the normal control and Group 2 rats were administered with alloxan (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were orally administered with alloxan (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and aqueous leaf extract of A. digitata (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) once daily for 2 weeks. Group 6 were orally administered with metformin (150 mg/kg) once daily for 2 weeks. Groups 7, 8, and 9 were orally administered with aqueous leaf extract of A. digitata (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) once daily for 2 weeks. The serum concentration of glucose of all the rats in each group was determined after the 8 th and 15 th dose of treatment. Groups 3, 4 and 5 showed a decrease after the first week of treatment but this decrease was not significant (P>0.05). The group treated with metformin (150 mg/kg) also showed a decrease which was also not significant (P>0.05). The result of the qualitative phytochemical analysis of aqueous leave extract of A. digitata indicated the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoid and steroids. These results suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of A. digitata possess antidiabetic effect on alloxan induced diabetic rats.

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Adequate studies have been done using proton pump inhibitors and H 2-receptor antagonist and only few studies for cyto-protective and gastric acid secretions have been done in Nigeria. Therefore this work studied the cyto-protective and gastric acid secretory effects of rabeprazole, ranitidine, omeprazole and cimetidine in wistar rats. 28 male wistar rats of weights 300 to 400 g were recruited and randomly divided into seven experimental groups of 4 rats each. Ulcers were induced via oral administration of a mixture acid alcohol (Ethanol and HCl). Group A: Ulcer alone; Group B: 20 mg/kg Rabeprazole + Ulcer; Group C: 20 mg/kg Rabeprazole + 20 mg/kg Ranitidine + Ulcer. Group D: Normal control group received clean drinking water ad libitium. Group E: 20 mg/kg Omeprazole + Ulcer. Group F: 20 mg/kg ranitidine + ulcer. Group G: 100 mg/kg cimetidine + ulcer. At the end of the treatment and induction, volume of gastric acid secreted, pH values, Ulcer index, stomach and body weights were analyzed statistically. There were significant decrease (P<0.05) in the volume of gastric acid secreted for the groups that received the ranitidine and rabeprazole compared to group A (ulcer alone). The pH values of the groups that received the proton pump inhibitors were neutralized at the end of the experiment which shows a better cyto-protective effects of the drugs and there were significant differences (P<0.05) among those groups E, F and G compared to group A. The animals with lesser stomach weights have more ulcers index compared to those with higher stomach weights. This research showed that groups treated with a combination of rabeprazole and ranitidine has a better potency for the management of gastric ulcer patients.

The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing globally and it is a major source of concern. This study was undertaken to assess the antidiabetic effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of Dryopteris dilatata (ELEDD).Thirty adult Wistar rats with body weight (BW) of 120-150 g were randomly assigned to groups of five rats each (n=5). Groups 1 served as normal control; Groups 2-6 were diabetic groups; group 2 served as negative control; group 3 received 50 mg/kg of metformin; 4-6 received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of ELEDD respectively. The BW and fasting blood glucose level (FBSL) of the rats were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment, all the rats were anaesthetized with 25% urethane (sigma-Aldrich) intraperitoneally (I.P) and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. There was an increase in the BW of the metformin treated group and varying doses of ELEDD. It caused 77.00±15.07% decrease in FBSL; 86.94±34.80% and 248.07±20.56% with respect to 400 and 800 mg/kg of ELEDD. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the serum total cholesterol (STC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) as well as decrease in high density lipoproteins (HDL-C). Lipid profile groups treated with ELEDD significantly (p<0.05) decreased in a dose dependent manner .This study has shown that DD has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.