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Background: It is observed that the morphologic and morphometric variability of the occipital bone structures may coexist in the same individual or among different subjects of the same or different populations and thus, a sound knowledge of the morphometry of this area can provide important benefits in determining safe surgical zones during surgical procedures. Aim: The present study was aimed at measuring the length (right and left) and width (right and left) of the hypoglossal canal among adult dry skulls of two states in southern Nigeria. Materials and Method: This study adopted the cross sectional study design. A total of eighty (80) hypoglossal canal; right and left were selected by simple random sampling and their length and width were measured with the aid of the digital vernier caliper. Results: The hypoglossal canal length on the right side was seen to be higher compared to the left length of the hypoglossal canal while the right hypoglossal canal width was seen to be higher compared to the left hypoglossal canal width and also observed differences between the right and left sides were statistically significant (P=0.01). Conclusion: There was a statistical significant difference with regard to hypoglossal canal length (right and left) and width (right and left) among the studied population. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.670-672

Background: During the formation of the limbs, a simultaneous production of androgens occurs. It has also been noticed that when genetic process is inhibited, it can lead to complications affecting the limbs. It is therefore believed that testosterone influences the development of the limbs. Aim: This study therefore looked at the association between second toe length and androgen linked behaviours. Materials and Method: Three hundred (166 males and 134 females) subjects who were students of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka aged 18 and above, were selected using the cross-sectional descriptive study design. Second toe length was observed, standardize questionnaire on handedness, competition and aggregation was administered to students. Data obtained were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: This study established a significant association between 2nd toe length and some androgen linked behaviours. Significant association between subjects with longer 2nd toe and competitiveness was observed (p<0.05) as well as aggressive behavior. Conclusion: From this study, it was deduced that androgens influence 2nd toe length and 2nd toe length also influences androgen linked behaviours such as competition and aggression. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.779-789

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Objective: Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials demonstrate that type 2 diabetes can be substantially avoided by making dietary and lifestyle changes rather than relying heavily on medications. This study evaluates the ameliorating effect(s) of Telfairia occidentalis seed administration on the histology of the Hypothalamus and testosterone level in normal and Alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats, weighing between 120-180 g, were divided into five groups of 4 rats each. Groups 1 and 2 representing Normal Control (NC) and Diabetic Control (DC) received only feed and water. Group 3 normal rats received 300 mg/kg Telfairia occidentalis seed extract; groups 4 and 5 received 50 mg/kg of Metformin and 300 mg/kg of Telfairia occidentalis seed extract respectively. Results: The result revealed that the administration of Telfairia occidentalis seed extract moderately increased the body weight (16.76±1.75%) significantly at (P<0.05) when compared to normal control (14.06±2.93%) and diabetes significant decrease (-27.68±1.92%) body weight when compared to metformin-treated (-6.11±1.85%) and extract (-5.33±2.18%). The levels of FBG with the extract (60.70±4.88%) and metformin (61.24±6.19%) significantly decreased at (p<0.05) when compared to diabetic control (-64.78±12.51%).The FSH and LH level significantly increased at (p<0.05). Histological changes were also seen in animals of the treated groups. Conclusion: It is evident that Telfairia occidentalis seed extract contains anti-hyperglycemic agents capable of lowering blood glucose levels.