The aim of this study was to determine the erythrocyte and nucleus morphology of Acantocercus adramitanus and Chameleo  calyptratus calyptratus from Yemen by means of blood smears stained with Giemsa stain. The longest and largest erythrocytes and their nucleus were observed in the smears of C.  c. calyptratus, while the narrowest and smallest in A. adramitanus. In terms of the studied species, the nucleus and erythrocyte sizes were found to be correlated. No significant difference between two species lizard’s in erythrocyte count was determined. The relationship between the raw erythrocyte measurements and erythrocyte length was determined as positive correlation.

During Ramadan, Muslims who are ill or have health conditions that may deteriorate upon fasting, including patients with diabetes, are exempt. During the Ramadan fast, it is essentially a radical change in lifestyle for the period of 1 lunar month that may affect diabetic and cardiac patients. So, this study, was carried out during the period of April 2021 to May 2021(Ramadan month) in Taiz city on 64 already diagnosed diabetic patients. During fasting (stage 1), at fasting breaking (stage 2), and after 2 hours (stage 3), blood glucose level was measured by an automated analyzer. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as BMI: weight (Kg) / height (m)2= (w/h2).Results showed statistical significant effects of test times on blood glucose level. No statistically significant effect of sex on blood glucose level with test time was recorded. The effects of age and treatment type on blood glucose level in Ramadan were observed (P=0.003, 0.042 respectively). Blood glucose levels of individuals with diabetes duration larger than 15 years have higher blood glucose levels at stages 1 and 2 (Odds ratio= 2 and 1.4 respectively). The major of the participants were healthy weight and overweight (37.5 % and 31.3 % respectively). A higher proportion of male participants was overweight (37.5%) with BMI-mean 28.08 Kg/m2 and healthy weight (35%) with BMI-mean 23.23 Kg/m2. The correlation between BMI and residual blood glucose level was statistically significant (p<0.001) in stages 1, 2, and 3. There were no statistically significant relationships between BMI and blood glucose level, these findings agree with other authors. On the other hand, RMA-regression analysis and Pearson correlation emphasized the correlation between BMI and residual blood glucose level in stages 1, 2, and 3. From current study, perhaps concludes that the variations in blood glucose levels may be mainly due to lifestyle modification (diet, physical activity, and sleeping hours) during Ramadan month. So, the results of our study and the other kinds of literature indicate that fasting in Ramadan is safe for the majority of patients with diabetes management.

The aim of this study was to: 1- Identify and quantify the prevalence of RBC abnormalities in healthy and diabetic subjects. 2- Provide supporting evidence about the relation between RBC storage duration at 4oC and alterations to RBC morphology (compare with the morphology at the time of collection). 3- The obtain information about how the number of normal cells in different times of storage declines as a function of the storage period. 4- Estimate the prevalence of red cell morphological changes in diabetic patients. One hundred and ninety-six slides of 49 healthy and 49 diabetic patients of different age groups were collected from November 2019 to March 2020. Human venous blood samples were taken and anticoagulated with EDTA. samples were divided into 4 groups, group 1 was examined at once, and groups 2-4 were stored at 4oC for 24, 48, and 72 hours respectively. During the current study, abnormalities of erythrocyte morphology, prevalence, and histological effects of storage duration on the human blood cells were evaluated. 16 different types of abnormality in shapes of the red blood cells were identified in healthy subjects and 19 different shapes in diabetic subjects, with the difference in the prevalence percentage. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) exhibited statistically significant effects of storage time (24, 48, and 72 hours at 40C) on RBC morphology. The present result also shows that the change in erythrocyte shapes at once beginning and during time storage were statistically significant between healthy and diabetic donors. These results are in line with previous laboratory studies on other parameters. In conclusion, our observations indicate that morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes are common in healthy and diabetic subjects, and the slight effects of diabetic Mellitus on the changes observed in erythrocyte compare to healthy subjects over 72 hours of storage.