Abstracts: Nasal anthropometry can be employed in identification of the race and sex of individuals whose identity is unknown, since normal nose morphology is dependent on gender, ethnic and environmental influences. Nasal index is an ethnic sensitive anthropometrical tool and also exhibits sexual differences. This study is aimed at providing anthropometric data on the basic nasal parameters (nasal height, nasal width and nasal index) of three major ethnic groups (Okun, Igala and Ebira) in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study sample comprised 302 subjects aged 17-45 years; 109 Okun subjects comprising of 57 males and 52 females, 107 Igala subjects comprising of 55 males and 52 females and 86 Ebira subjects comprising of 55 males and 31 females. The nasal height and nasal width were measured using a sliding vernier calliper and the nasal index was calculated. Test for significance was done using independent t-test and ANOVA. The result from this study showed that the mean nasal index for Okun males and females were 97.23±7.89 and 93.64±8.22 respectively; the mean nasal index for Igala males and females were 97.21±8.88 and 93.48±8.72 and the mean nasal index for Ebira males and females were 96.93±8.66 and 92.99±7.62 respectively. Sexual dimorphism was noted in the nasal parameters of males and females in each ethnic group at P<0.05 but there was no significant difference in the nasal parameters between the ethnic groups considered at p<0.05. Okun, Igala and Ebira fall under the platyrrhine nose type. The result of this study will be relevant in forensic medicine, physical anthropology and clinical practice.

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Introduction: Technological devices have become a very important part of our everyday life. These electronic devices create an artificial electromagnetic field (EMF) and emit radiofrequency radiations (RFR) which have been reported to have deleterious effects on various tissues in living organisms. Fish oil is a rich source of the n-3 (also known as omega-3) fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The cerebellum plays an important role in motor control and the coordination, precision and timing of movements, as well as in motor learning. This study investigated the effect of radiofrequency radiation on the structures of the cerebellum of adolescent Wistar rats, its effect on pre-pubertal development and the potential attenuative properties of fish oil omega-3 fat. Materials and Methods: Forty (n=40) adolescent Wistar rats of approximately 35 days old were divided into five groups labelled A-E. A 4G RFR-emitting WI-FI device served as the RFR source. The 4G radiofrequency transmitter was installed at a distance of 0.5 meters from the base of the cage housing the experimental animals in each group. The fish oil was administered orally to the animals. Rats were sacrificed after 28 days of treatment and their brains harvested. The cerebellar tissues were excised and processed for histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical observations. Neurobehavioural studies including Barnes Maze and beam walk were carried out before sacrifice. Results: 4G radiofrequency radiation caused distortions in the morphology and spatial arrangement of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar tissues. It also induced neuroinflammation as marked by enhanced astrocyte reactions. Also, behavioural aberrations including negative changes in key memory parameters such as increased latency and error poke in Barnes maze assays, and increased movement parameter errors were attributable to FRR effects. Also, aberrations in neurotransmitters activities levels and vital neurochemistry enzymes were observed. The administered Omega-3 fat had an attenuative effect on the affected cortical structures, neurochemistry and selected neurobehavioural parameters.