It is known that improving the process and means of milking can increase the productivity of cows by 25-30%. Perfection of the design, interaction of the parameters and mode of operation of the milking machine have a special impact on the health, productivity of cows and milk quality. Parameters and modes of operation must correspond to the physiological characteristics of the process of milk production. Modern milking machines with a pair of milking cups ensure a stable flow of milk from pairs of teats into the collector chamber, doubling the irritation, which also has a synchronous uniform irritation of teats and udder halves. Milking machines with single action have high stability of milk supply to the collector chamber. Such devices also have much lower intensity of milk production. Improving the milking machine by changing the parameters in the milk cup by changing the operation of the control element (pulsator) will ensure asynchronous operation of the milking cups and increase the number of stimulating teats and udders during milking. A milking machine with paired-combined action is proposed, in which phases alternate during a certain cycle: simultaneous sucking phase in both pairs of milking cups, sucking phase in one when compressed in another pair of cups (milk is excreted in these phases) and simultaneous compression phase in both pairs (in this phase there is udder massage). The rational difference in pulsation frequency in pairs of milking cups is in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 Hz. The proposed mode of the milking machine increases the amount of milk produced during machine milking by 13.9% and its total yield by 8.2%, as well as reduces the duration of machine milking by 1.9… 2.1 times.

No abstract

The experience of manufacturers of milking equipment shows that the main sources of vacuum formation in milking installations are vacuum pumps of the rotary vane type. Compared to others, they have a high efficiency (0.8-0.9), low energy consumption (0.06-0.08 kWh·m-3), simplicity of construction and maintenance, and the possibility of direct connection with an electric motor. Despite the high performance, rotary vane type pumps have the possibility of improving their operational parameters. The task of our research is to theoretically substantiate the position of the inlet and outlet windows, as well as to study the design of the vacuum pump housing, which will allow increasing the air filling of the space between the vanes and ensuring the removal of air through the outlet window with minimal resistance. Research has shown that when the rotor rotates, forces act on the blades, which, depending on the angle of rotation of the rotor, have different magnitudes. Based on this, the application of the laws of mechanics made it possible to justify the position of the inlet and outlet windows. In the process of creating a vacuum, air enters through the inlet pipe to the intake window and does not fill the space between the two blades as much as possible, and when transporting the volume of air located between the two blades to the area of the exhaust window, a quick exit of air is not ensured, which leads to a slow decrease of the rotor turning resistance. This is due to the fact that the width of the inlet and outlet windows is 1/5 of the width of the vacuum pump body. The task is achieved by the fact that the intake window ends with a groove, the dimensions of which in the transverse direction are 4/5 of the width of the vacuum pump body and in the longitudinal direction at least 1/2 of the width of the intake window, and the outlet window, which has a transverse groove, the dimensions of which are similar to the dimensions of the inlet groove.

No abstract

Annotation Purpose. Improving the silencer of the rotary vane vacuum unit by changing the design, which will lead to reducing of noise and ensuring of waste oil collection. Methods. Analysis of the designs and working processes of technical means for noise reduction and used oil collection from vacuum pumps of milking machines. Results. There are given the description of the filter silencer design and its operation principle, as well as the results of laboratory tests of the proposed filter silencer. It provides energy reduction during servicing, significantly reduce the noise, which is generated by vacuum pump, and collect used oil while providing a lower level decreasing of vacuum pump performance compared to serial models. Conclusions. The proposed solution provides energy reduction while filter silencer servicing in comparison with existing samples, reduces generated noise of the vacuum pump to 65–76 decibels and collect used oil up to 90–96%. At the same time, the decrease in productivity of the vacuum pump due to using new filter-silencer is about 1 m3/hour and in the serial models 1.28 m3/hour. It is advisable to place filter-silencer outside the vacuum room, in this case the value of the generated noise in the room is reduced by 30%. Keywords: filter silencer, pump, vacuum, oil collection, environmental problems, pollution, noise.