To determine the diagnostic parameters of the fuel system of engines of grain harvesters, technological and structural parameters of the technical condition were considered. The authors investigate the structural schemes of indicator connection of the purpose (performance) of the fuel system of engines and parameters of the technical state of its structural elements. For example, we consider the modal structure diagram, which characterizes the fuel system of grain harvester engines and parameters of the technical state of their structural elements. For example, we consider the modal structure diagram, which describes the fuel system of the engines. At the highest level there are parameters that describe the process of fuel supply and directly determine the characteristics of injection, or the law of fuel supply. On the lower levels there are parameters that characterize the technical state of the most important elements of the fuel equipment. They are used for elemental diagnostics. Experimental studies of vibration characteristics of nozzles of diesel engines have shown that the energy vibration nozzles manifested most actively at the frequency from 5 kHz to 10 kHz. Application of Hilbert's conversion to vibration analysis has made it possible to use the ability to control the identity of nozzles and identify defects, such as breakage of nozzles and spray gun hangs. When the injection pressure changes from 27.0 MPa to 8.0 MPa, signal duration, which is measured between the front and rear fronts with maximum amplitudes, decreases 2 times. Application of technological cards together with diagnostic means will allow in 1,5 times to cut down the technical equipment due to technical problems at expense of preventing bursts and reducing the fuel consumption by 5-10 %. The range of sensors for diagnostics of diesels, the basic electric circuit of the tool for measuring the angle are developed for fuel supply, the requirements for the computerized system for bench diagnostics of the fuel equipment.
The experience of manufacturers of milking equipment shows that the main sources of vacuum formation in milking installations are vacuum pumps of the rotary vane type. Compared to others, they have a high efficiency (0.8-0.9), low energy consumption (0.06-0.08 kWh·m-3), simplicity of construction and maintenance, and the possibility of direct connection with an electric motor. Despite the high performance, rotary vane type pumps have the possibility of improving their operational parameters. The task of our research is to theoretically substantiate the position of the inlet and outlet windows, as well as to study the design of the vacuum pump housing, which will allow increasing the air filling of the space between the vanes and ensuring the removal of air through the outlet window with minimal resistance. Research has shown that when the rotor rotates, forces act on the blades, which, depending on the angle of rotation of the rotor, have different magnitudes. Based on this, the application of the laws of mechanics made it possible to justify the position of the inlet and outlet windows. In the process of creating a vacuum, air enters through the inlet pipe to the intake window and does not fill the space between the two blades as much as possible, and when transporting the volume of air located between the two blades to the area of the exhaust window, a quick exit of air is not ensured, which leads to a slow decrease of the rotor turning resistance. This is due to the fact that the width of the inlet and outlet windows is 1/5 of the width of the vacuum pump body. The task is achieved by the fact that the intake window ends with a groove, the dimensions of which in the transverse direction are 4/5 of the width of the vacuum pump body and in the longitudinal direction at least 1/2 of the width of the intake window, and the outlet window, which has a transverse groove, the dimensions of which are similar to the dimensions of the inlet groove.
The literary review has established that to reduce the heat loss of a dryer, the heat insulation of the dryer design, heat recovery and suction air flow are used. However, the use of prospective suction airflow is not fully disclosed. In the article, based on the equations of mass transfer, thermal and material balance, the dependences of grain moisture and heat consumption on drying from the regime parameters of the dryer, grain properties, and air flow used during drying are found. Analytical dependencies are illustrated by the corresponding schedules. Analysis of the analytical and graphical dependences of grain moisture and heat consumption on the corn grain sample has established that reducing the heat consumption when drying the grain, possibly reducing the pressure in the dryer, while simultaneously draining the air stream before it is fed to the drying chamber.
This paper reports a study into the structural-phase composition of the doping alloy made by processing metallurgical anthropogenic waste involving reduction smelting. This is required for determining the technological parameters that ensure an increase in the level of extraction of target elements during the processing of anthropogenic waste and for the further use of the doping alloy. It was revealed that the phase composition of the doping alloy manifested a solid solution of the doping elements and carbon in α-Fe. Cementite Fe3C and silicides Fe5Si3, FeSi, and FeSi2 were also identified. In this case, the doping elements were more likely to act as substitution atoms. It has been determined that the microstructure of the alloy consisted of several phases of different shapes and contents of the basic doping elements. Sites with an elevated iron level of up to 95.87 % by weight in the composition could be represented by the solid solution phase of the doping elements and carbon in α-Fe. The sites with a relatively high (% by weight) content of carbon (0.83‒2.17) and doping elements ‒ W, up to 39.41; Mo, up to 26.17; V, to 31.42; Cr, to 9.15 ‒ were apparently of a carbide nature. The sites with a silicon content of 0.43‒0.76 % by weight likely included silicide compounds. The alloy's characteristics make it possible to smelt steel grades without strict carbon restrictions, replacing some of the standard ferroalloys. Neither phases nor compounds with a relatively high propensity for sublimation were identified in the material produced. Therefore, there is no need to provide conditions to prevent evaporation and loss in the gas phase of the doping elements. That could increase the degree of extraction of the doping elements
The article summarizes the existing domestic, European and North American methodological requirements to test set of machines for poultry.Characterized that the method of comparing the values of indicators in the subject of complex regulatory requirements and with relevant indicators for complex analog.It is also established that the results of mathematical processing of measurement data used for comparison with the required values of technical specifications with the state acceptance tests (technical terms, if state periodic testing) for a decision on the conformity of the test complex technical requirements to technical specifications). There are two possible cases.Also, for comparison of parameters obtained in the prototype testing of complex equipment and complex analog calculate the significance of differences in means.Recommendations from the results of testing complex take on the basis of results of comparison of values of indicators of the test of complex equipment technical requirements for supply, zootechnical requirements and values for complex analog.
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