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The results of the studies of the impact of luminance flicker of light sources powered by an alternating current network on the well-being and health of people, the peculiarities of the flicker of LED lighting installations and recommendations on the safe level of luminance flicker of lamps and lighting fittings for general lighting are analysed. The paper also considers modern methods of evaluating flicker parameters, which are recommended by international standards. The luminance flicker of commercial samples of LED lamps and lamps that are being introduced to the lighting market from various manufacturers of LED products was studied. Measurements of the depth of luminance modulation and flicker index in the frequency range up to 3 kHz in accordance with the recommendations of the IEEE 1789:2015 standard were carried out. Measurements of the short-term modulation dose in accordance with the IES/TR 61547-1:2017 international standard were carried out. Measurements of the visibility indicator of the stroboscopic effect in accordance with the recommendations of the IES/TR 63518:2018 standard were carried out. The MK350S spectroradiometer with software for calculating photometric and colorimetric parameters, as well as the flicker and stroboscopic effect parameters, was used. It was found out that LED products for general lighting that are being introduced to the Ukrainian lighting market mainly have a safe level of luminance flicker. The level of luminance flicker of modern LED lamps and lighting fittings is lower than that of any other light sources powered by an alternating current network, including discharge lamps with high-frequency electronic ballasts. It was concluded that the requirements for the limit levels of flicker for various frequency ranges and methods of measuring flicker parameters should be included in the regulatory documents on LED products for general lighting.

The article presents the results of the energy efficiency study and light quality of LED illuminators (lamps) for general lighting, in particular colorimetric parameters, light flux modulation and photobiological safety. It is shown that two-base LED lamps with G13 base and luminaires for outdoor lighting have achieved energy efficiency class A++. LED lamps with E27 base and indoor lighting fixtures with light diffusers have a light output 25–35% lower and correspond to energy efficiency classes A+, A, B. Correlated color temperature (FTA) of indoor lighting fixtures is mainly in the range of 3000–4500 K, and the total color rendering index Ra – in the range of 71–86 units. The deviation of chromaticity from nominal values can reach 7+ degrees of McAdam ellipses (7+ standard deviations of SDCM comparison color). The angular non-uniformity of color in luminaires with diffuse light diffusers does not exceed 3 SDCM, and for luminaires without light diffusers and with lens optics - can exceed 7+ SDCM. It is shown that LED luminaires for indoor lighting have a mainly safe level of flicker and visibility of the stroboscopic effect. In the frequency range up to 80 Hz, the flicker level, which is observed with a probability of 50% lower than incandescent lamps with a power of 60 watts. In the frequency range up to 3000 Hz, the modulation depth corresponds to a level that does not create adverse biological effects. LED lamps and illuminators for general lighting entering the lighting market do not exceed the parameters of the insignificant risk danger group of blue light RG1. Lamps and illuminators using diffuse light diffusers belong to the general group RG0 (no risk). Conclusions are made on energy efficiency and light quality of LED lamps.

Annotation -It was established that photobiological processes that arise under the influence of optical radiation cause photochemical and thermal reactions in organisms. Such reactions are directly related to the absorption of light from natural and artificial sources of radiation. It is established that the depth of penetration of optical radiation depends on the wavelength. Radiation of "blue light" is the most dangerous for the harmful effect on the retina and affects melanopsin cells. Also, in the visible area of the spectrum of artificial light sources, which are used for a long time in the evening and night periods, there can be dangerous "green light" as it is able to break the circadian rhythm and create a hormonal imbalance. Thus, the prolonged action of ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation on the eyes and skin can cause a gene mutation, burns, disease and changes in the circadian rhythm. The article analyzes and systematizes the possible consequences and damage that may result from such an effect of optical radiation. Ключові слова-optical radiation, photobiological safety, lamp, lamp system, exposition.I.