Annotation. Acute disorder of cerebral circulation (ADCC) occupies leading positions in mortality and disability in Ukraine, despite new treatments and modern medical care. Current data suggest that the problem of treatment and rehabilitation of patients after ADCC can be solved with the help of neurotrophins – a family of proteins that regulate the processes of plasticity in the brain. Due to the similarity of their structure, they are able to act as a holistic system, helping to repair damaged areas of the brain. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to collect information on the structure and function of neurotrophins BDNF, NGF, NT-3 and NT-4, their role in neuroplasticity after stroke in order to develop modern methods of influencing them for further implementation in practice. For this purpose, 50 sources from the main databases (Elsevier, Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were used. The systematic review describes the structure of neurotrophins and their function, mechanisms of neuroplasticity and methods of influencing it, in particular exercise and diet. Since these methods have a general therapeutic effect and require a long time for its onset, the prospects for further development are the creation of drugs targeted to the neurotrophin system for effective rehabilitation of patients after stroke.

Purpose. To scientifically substantiate the method of teaching game techniques at the stage of initial training to increase the level of technical fitness of young volleyball players. Materials and methods. The experimental research involved 36 young volleyball players born in 2011 – 18 athletes from the CI “Zaporizhzhia Regional Children and Youth Sports School” of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Council (main group) and 18 athletes from the CI “Vilniansk City Children and Youth Sports School ‘Kolos’” (comparison group) during the 2020-2021 academic year. Results. In the course of experimental research, the indicators of physical fitness of young volleyball players of the main group significantly increased in 80% of tests. The analysis of technical fitness indicators of young volleyball players of the main group shows that the introduction of the author’s method affects their positive dynamics in the tests: consecutive wall passes from a 3 m distance in 30 s; consecutive overhead passes in 30 s; consecutive forearm passes in 30 s; tennis ball toss over the net to the front line; tennis ball toss over the net to the back line (statistically significant differences, if p < 0.05). Conclusions. The author’s method of teaching game techniques in volleyball is effective and contains the algorithm of teaching, the levels of mastering game techniques, the stages of teaching game techniques, the sequence of teaching game techniques, the classification, occurrence and prevention of young volleyball players’ errors in the process of teaching game techniques, differentiation of exercises.