The article considers the theoretical prerequisites and regulatory requirements that determine the practical approaches to the application of professional judgment in defining the best way to present reporting information. In the course of the research, the authors took as a basis the regulatory documents on the preparation of financial and integrated reporting, which take a principles-based approach and provide for the use of professional judgment. The authors assumed that the objects of a professional accountant are the facts of economic activity in order to identify, evaluate, recognize and reflect in the accounting and reporting of the company objects of accounting that are significant and of interest to users. The author investigated theoretical bases and practical aspects of application of professional judgment with the purpose of recognition of object and definition of its cost in the course of data collection, their analysis, and formation on their basis of professional judgment. The author has proved the need to adhere to the principle of additionality in finding the maximum complete description of the object and formulating a professional judgement about it. The author proposed a matrix model, which established the correspondence of risk levels and principles of application of professional judgment in accounting valuation and conducted an analysis of the conditions for the use of professional judgment in defining the fair value of financial instruments and inventories. The author considered the influence of uncertainties and corresponding risks in the application of professional judgment on the value of financial instruments and its adjustment in the conditions of unstable markets of countries with economies in transition. The author noted peculiarities of implementation of professional judgment in the process of preparation of financial and integrated reporting and the factors that determine them.

The relevance of the study is substantiated by the need to study the peculiarities of the implementation of accounting standards in Ukraine. This research is focused on the comparison of Ukrainian, American and European accounting standards in a number of key elements. The research aims to study problems, perspectives and factors that influence the implementation of international financial accounting standards, conduct analysis and make recommendations. The comparison method is the main method for investigating this problem, which allowed comparing National Accounting Standards, International Accounting Standards and the American system of accounting United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The design of this research is observational and theoretical in structure, which is a prerequisite for detailed study of the theoretical grounds of international and Ukrainian accounting standards, their analysis and comparison. For the processing of information obtained through the method of comparison, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: the method of analysis, method of synthesis, deduction and induction, the method of classification, as well as the method of analysis of scientific sources, studies, regulations and laws. The article presents the results of comparative analysis of Ukrainian, American and European accounting standards in a number of key elements with the aim of studying the problems, perspectives and factors that influence the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards. The study includes recommendations for the direction of development and expansion of the National Accounting Standards. Materials of the article are of practical value for accountants, lecturers and students of the specialty “Accounting and Audit”, public servants Keywords: stocks evaluation, regulation of agricultural business transformation accounting, regulations, international accounting standards, accounting standards comparison

Introduction. Globalization of the economy requires the use of generally accepted business management tools in the conditions of an eco­nomy without borders. The trend of recent deca­des is the gradual approximation of existing national accounting systems and models to international standards. Problem. It is important to outline the cur­rent bounds of existing accounting systems, to investigate the objective way of their genesis in order to predict general trends in the interests of economic entities and regulatory institutions. The aim of the article is to clarify the essence of accounting systems in their evolution in order to identify the most important parameters, the classification of which would be the most universal and objective for the harmonization of accounting systems. Methods. General scientific methods of cog­nition are used – theoretical generalization, com­parative analysis and synthesis for processing factual information, induction and deduction. Results. The practical effect of accounting sys­tems classification is to promote the development and harmonization of national accounting sys­tems, help in the professional training of accoun­tants and auditors who will be able to perform their work more efficiently both within a certain country and at the international (global) level. Conclusions. The legal system of countries and their economic parameters are the main factors that are based on the vast majority of the studied classification of accounting systems and models. Economic factors, in turn, are indirectly determined by the level of education in the state and international relations, while correlating with the legal component. Other factors, despite their importance, are mostly not dominant. At the same time, the dominance of the ac­counting system, which is based on the princip­les of full coverage and fair disclosure of infor­mation, is growing on a global scale. The Inter­national Financial Re­porting Standards (IFRS), which affect the accoun­ting infrastructure of most countries, are built on its basic architecture.

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