Various mechanisms for implementation, and at the same time contradictory approaches to the essence, evaluation, reflection, and regulation, led to the need to consider and improve approaches to the recognition of cryptocurrency. Based on the critical analysis of the legal provisions in Ukraine and the approaches of scientific experts, practitioners and international experience, the economic essence of cryptocurrency is substantiated. The legal, economic and accounting aspects of cryptocurrency recognition in developed and transformational economies are revealed. In order to meet the information needs of users, the peculiarities of the application of methods for estimating cryptocurrency commodities and the influence of the chosen method on the reflection of such an asset in the financial statements have been identified. The necessity to clarify and harmonize existing national accounting standards for recognizing and reporting on cryptocurrency transactions has been identified. The proposed approach to the identification and recognition of cryptocurrency goods will improve the relations between the owners of cryptocurrency and the state, legalize cryptocurrency transactions and form an effective system for managing such transactions in Ukraine.

The article considers the theoretical prerequisites and regulatory requirements that determine the practical approaches to the application of professional judgment in defining the best way to present reporting information. In the course of the research, the authors took as a basis the regulatory documents on the preparation of financial and integrated reporting, which take a principles-based approach and provide for the use of professional judgment. The authors assumed that the objects of a professional accountant are the facts of economic activity in order to identify, evaluate, recognize and reflect in the accounting and reporting of the company objects of accounting that are significant and of interest to users. The author investigated theoretical bases and practical aspects of application of professional judgment with the purpose of recognition of object and definition of its cost in the course of data collection, their analysis, and formation on their basis of professional judgment. The author has proved the need to adhere to the principle of additionality in finding the maximum complete description of the object and formulating a professional judgement about it. The author proposed a matrix model, which established the correspondence of risk levels and principles of application of professional judgment in accounting valuation and conducted an analysis of the conditions for the use of professional judgment in defining the fair value of financial instruments and inventories. The author considered the influence of uncertainties and corresponding risks in the application of professional judgment on the value of financial instruments and its adjustment in the conditions of unstable markets of countries with economies in transition. The author noted peculiarities of implementation of professional judgment in the process of preparation of financial and integrated reporting and the factors that determine them.

This article aims at finding ways to improve the efficiency of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises’ valuation management based on a multidimensional actuarial model. The article confirmed the hypothesis of the relationship between accounting information, published in the financial statements of agricultural enterprises, compiled according to international financial reporting standards (IFRS), and actuarial management reporting. It is the latter, in the context of financial reporting conceptual basis, which promotes foreign investor’s managerial decisions on the expediency of investing temporarily free financial resources in the development of the agro-sector. The methodology of the research is based on optimization of the algorithm for estimating the agricultural enterprise market value within the framework of a cost-effective approach based on information filling of the actuarial management reporting using the method of adjusted net assets. The results of the study showed the dependence of investment attractiveness of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises on qualitative content of the reporting information provided within the framework of international accounting. The practical value of the results confirmed the optimal algorithm for estimating the value of agribusiness based on the accounting and information of actuarial management reporting according to its spatial interpretation from 3D to 5D format. The proposed 5D model for managing the value of agribusiness will facilitate an objective assessment of the agricultural enterprise value in just one step. AcknowledgmentThe article has been prepared within the research project “Business Value Management” (state registration No. 0118U000131) implemented in the Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics.

Increase in number of the investment property items available in both domestic and international markets, present-day European integration processes, as well as existing differences in statutory provisions in force (controversial essentials of the investment property identification as an asset and ambiguity of implementation of the methodological approaches to the investment property valuation) have stipulated the need for improvement of the hierarchy of the investment property item fair value recognition and measurement criteria. Proposed identification methods will contribute into amplification of the synergy effect of the investment property item accounting and management due to improvement of quality and fairness of the information data on certain assets of the establishment. Methodology for the investment property valuation and changed value reporting format were worked out based upon critical analysis of the scientific professionals’ main approaches to the investment property fair value measurement as provided for by statutory requirements to disclosure of the asset related information. Findings made and recommendations worked out on consideration of the harmonized indicator system implementation have thereafter found the practical use in the investment property item management efficiency assessment model.

Постановка проблемиФункціонування підприємства в умовах динамічного розвитку суспільства потребує безперервного вдоскона-лення інформаційного забезпечення менеджменту під-приємства, основним джерелом якого є управлінський облік.Методологія управлінського обліку обумовлює ви-конання певних процедур і застосування сукупності ін-струментів і методів, які визначаються цілями управлін-ня підприємством торгівлі. До таких цілей відносяться: підвищення прибутковості, зростання конкурентоспро-можності та розвиток підприємства; збереження та на-рощення клієнтського капіталу; втримання ліквідності та фінансової стійкості підприємства в період економіч-ної кризи. Досягнення поставлених цілей забезпечуєть-ся через реа лізацію інформаційної функції управлінсько-го обліку щодо формування фінансового результату під-приємства торгівлі та впливає на послідовність здійсню-ваних процедур, вибір інструментів, використання мето-дів управлінського обліку, які потребують групування за функціями управління. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікаційШирокий спектр інструментів управлінського обліку сформувався завдяки використанню загальноекономіч-них, дисциплінарних, міждисциплінарних та специфічних інструментів, які знайшли детальне висвітлення у працях UDC 657: 3034.723 Tools for management accounting Abstract. Introduction. Managers need information to control internal operations and make decisions. While financial accounting focuses on stockholders of a company, managerial accounting focuses on internal operations and provides managers with tools they need to evaluate operations and make changes in case they are required. Purpose. The study aims to justify the nature and develop the classification of tools for management accounting to implement the concept of managerial accounting in practical trade activities of enterprises. Methods. To substantiate the essence of management accounting tools, the authors used the method of grouping of management accounting tools, which has an impact on the realisation of its objectives. Results. The article is devoted to the research of management accounting tools as a single integral mechanism which is intended to contribute to the achievement of operational and strategic goals of the company. The proposed classification system of management accounting tools has a theoretical and practical value. The systemic view of management accounting tool facilitates an in-depth study and the widespread use of different tools which are grouped according to various criteria. Conclusions. The proposed classification of management accounting tools permits to organize the terminological apparatus of investigation management accounting system in general, and in trading enterprises in particular. Keywords: Management Accounting Tools; Method; Elements of Managerial Accounting Methodology; Classification of Managerial Accounting Tools; Management Accounting Procedures JEL Classіfіcatіon: В40; G39; М40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.V159-10 Мазаракі А. А. доктор економічних наук, професор, ректор, Київський націо...