No abstract

Shared behavioural traits result from the interaction of two or more individuals, making it difficult to discern which individual is in control of the behaviour of interest. Especially in the case of shared reproductive traits such as mating duration or mate guarding duration is this an important issue to resolve, because these are potentially closely connected to fitness and are likely to exhibit sexual conflict. Here, we sought to disentangle which sex controls mate guarding duration in the tropical house cricket Gryllodes sigillatus, a species in which mate guarding and nuptial feeding by the male have been proposed to prevent premature removal of the transferred spermatophore by the female. To do so, we performed a series of mating experiments in a paired design, in which the first mating dyad was allowed to start mating some time before the second dyad. Once both dyads were in the mate guarding phase, we then interrupted them and exchanged partners, enabling us to determine whether the remaining guarding duration depended more on the duration of guarding already performed by the male in the new dyad (implying male control) or on the guarding already received by the female (implying female control). We found that the time a female was guarded overall was significantly affected by how long the exchanged male had already engaged in mate guarding with the previous female, but conversely, the total time males guarded both females was unaffected by the duration of guarding that the exchanged female had previously received. Our data thus clearly demonstrate that males rather than females control mate guarding duration and adjust the duration according to females' weight. Significance statementIt is not easy to determine which individual is in control of a shared behavioural trait (SBT). This information could provide insight into selection pressure on one sex and could help us understand differences in SBTs between related species or between different dyads of one species. We used a relative novel but simple method to disentangle a SBT in a cricket. We performed mating experiments and exchanged the mating partners after copulation within the mate guarding phase and measured the total guarding duration. Our analyses showed males were not influenced by the exchange and guarded as long as expected regardless how long the female were guarded before by another male. Our data suggest males are likely in control of mate guarding duration, and they have no ability to recognize post-copulatory mate exchange.

The article is devoted to the information systems application in the sphere of small and big tourism enterprises interaction ensuring. The current role of information technologies due to their specific properties in the field of technical development of tourism as well as in the process tourism enterprises interaction ensuring is actualized. The advantages and features of the use of current information systems and technologies, in particular, global distribution systems, computer reservation systems, in the tourism enterprises business activity, which allow to ensure their effective interaction, are highlighted. The stages of the information technologies implementation in the tourism industry are determined. Taking into account the tourism industry specifics and the peculiarities of the information systems use in the tourism market business-entities activities, the authors determined the essence of the small and big tourism enterprises integrative interaction. The main global distribution systems used in the current tourism industry market are analyzed. The main actors controlling the global distribution systems' sector in the world are distincted. A comparative analysis of the main global distribution systems' conditions of use and maintenance is carried out. The main advantages of the global distribution systems, their use in the process of small and big tourism enterprises interaction ensuring are identified, and the prospects for their further development are shown.

Industrial accidents with fatal consequences in Ukraine were investigated in the paper. International experience of injury prevention was briefly analyzed in the article. The dynamics of Industrial accidents with fatal consequences in Ukraine from 1992 to 2016 was considered. The main reasons that significantly affected the level of injury in the construction industry and in the building materials industry from 2013 to 2016 were identified and analyzed. Methods of analysis of accidents and occupational diseases at the workplace were considered. The forecast of accidents with fatal consequences for three years from 2017 to 2019, with the usage of an one-factor forecast model on the basis of a trend logarithmic curve was developed. Recommendations for the prevention and reduction of the level of injury at the enterprises of the construction industry were developed.

The scientific principles and practical recommendations on the organization and management of business processes and construction investment projects in the real sector of the Ukrainian economy are developed. These issues are considered on an example of the development of objects and processes in the oil and gas complex. The basis of its improvement is proposed to apply new forms and best international experience to ensure the modern progress and competitiveness of complex industrial and business systems. It is determined that the practical recommendations given in the article can be successfully applied in industry and other sectors of the real economy sector of Ukraine. Their use should ensure the acceleration of modern progress and the growth of the competitiveness of the domestic economy.