Nature protections from large-scale fires in different countries of contemporary world become critically necessary and the development of novel electronic information systems with detectors of substances emanated during fires become an urgent problem. Progress of such detectors recording the presence of chemical substances -environmental pollutants becoming now an important task, and the article proposes the theoretical bases for its solution. Such detectors have to contain sensory elements with chemo-sensitive membranes, coatings and/or layers of specific substances. Being in contact with chemicals, such detectors have to demonstrate chemo-sensitivity and, preferably, ability for preliminary identification of these substances. Conducted studies were focused on further development of devices for the detection of various environmental pollutants as well as combustion products. This publication can form the theoretical basis for the development of artificial detectors with chemo-sensitive surfaces. The purpose of present work was to form the theoretical basis for the development of devices for the detection of some harmful chemical substances in environment, including ones emanated during fires and other emergencies, in particular, during accidents at enterprises of oil and gas cycle, chemical enterprises, other industries.

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As known in transport engineering, civil engineering, transport planning and mathematics, traffic flow is the study of interactions between vehicles, drivers and infrastructure (including highways, signage and traffic control devices), with the aim of understanding and developing an optimal road network with efficient movement of traffic and minimal traffic congestion problems. The presented paper discusses a small part of a traffic flow study -the development of the methodology for assessing the speed and acceleration of a car during the column movement followingthe-leader, based on a new mathematical method. Two methods -(1) the numerical calculation of the first derivative, i.e. speed of the car movement; (2) the numerical calculation of the second derivative, i.e. acceleration of the car movement -were developed, using the fast spline transformation. In the future, parameters obtained with the help of two new methods, can be used to solve complex transportation problems, such as: (1) control of traffic flows; (2) organisation of harmonised work of traffic lights; (3) analysis of psycho-physiological condition of a driver, etc. -leader model, fast spline transformation, numerical calculation. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kuzhel, N.; Bieliatynskyi, A.; Prentkovskis, O.; Klymenko, I.; Mikaliūnas, Š.; Kolganova, O.; Kornienko, S.; Shutko, V. 2013. Methods for numerical calculation of parameters pertaining to the microscopic following-the-leader model of traffic flow: using the fast spline transformation, Transport 28(4): 413-419. http://dx.

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Ecological monitoring is a real need in contemporary world with its growing tendency of environmental industrial pollution. Among such pollutants there are chemicals emanated in fires, explosions and other emergencies, in process of ruining of chemical enterprises, enterprises of oil and gas cycle, and etc. Some information systems for appropriate monitoring were described briefly in this article together with incorporated hybrid system of electronic chemical pollution detectors that were able to input information to such systems. In previous works of the authors the necessity of development of two types of such detectors with specified properties were substantiated: biosensors and detectors with elements – artificially elaborated selective membranes. This article describes the second type of detectors. The proposed detectors were able to detect harmful chemicals in the environment in the air and water phases; development of such devices was based on the theory of membrane systems. The detectors contained sensor elements covered with chemo-sensitive specific coatings – layers of substances: membranes, films, etc. When in contact with certain chemicals, these detectors demonstrate the properties of chemo-sensitivity and primary identification of such compounds. These studies were aimed on developing detectors of various environmental pollutants based on the theory that can be used as a basis for the detection of such substances. The works were based on a deep study of membrane systems with further development of physical and mathematical models of some substances detection taking into account basic chemical and physical properties of artificial and natural membranes, as well as their ionic selectivity. Some results of mathematical modeling of such detectors with artificial membranes – chemo-sensitive surfaces – were described in the article.  Summarizing the previous experience, a brief review of authors’ publications in these items was done, as well as the works of some other authors. The purpose of the work was, basing on profound studying of artificial membrane systems, to suggest them as physical model and summarize the experience of development of their mathematical models.