The analysis of directions and effectiveness of various methods of examining the impact of the urban street-road network on the level of eco-pollution was carried out with the use of the method of determining environmental and economic losses from changes in traffic flow indicators. The method of estimating the environmental damage dynamics due to harmful emissions of vehicles was applied. On the basis of conducted researches, practical recommendations were developed for such variants: prohibition of private transport motion on the road section, increasing the amount of electric transport, reducing the average age of vehicles to the accepted European level.

Based on the analysis of the research of the Eastern and Western scientific schools, it was deter-?ined that the basic provisions and known achievements of the Western scientific school should be the basis for the formation of a modern domestic scientific school in the field of design and operation of vehicles with high and increased cross-country ability. It is necessary to take into account the priority direction of the research data in the field of military auto equipment, and therefore the problem of the lack of detailed algorithms or methods of computerized calculation and evaluation of the speed characteristics of the movement of a specific car on various support surfaces, which can be applied to practical use. The modern trend of the gradual transition of the NATO armies to a new generation of vehicles with the appearance of new models is due to the improvement of anti-mine protection of the crew and passability. And so it was formed in the 60s. In the 20th century, the configuration of the MI requires changes in accordance with the modern development of structures and requirements for them in the conditions of mobile military operations. This also applies to the differentiation of the same value of the axle load factor in the axle load range from 1 to 6 t 9, in which about 90% of the fleet of modern armies is concentrated, into 3 separate values for axle loads. The calcu-?ations are based on the condition of uniform distribution of the nominal load on the axle, which is not always correct for specific designs, especially for different layout schemes (hooded or hoodless). The same circumstance is also characteristic of the second NATO-standardized indicator of the vehicle’s structural passability, which elimi-?ates the real differences in the mobility of the same type and small-sized cars. Based on the review and analysis of modern research in the field of cross-country mobility and off-road mobility, the main provisions for the formation and assessment of the layout and suspension of high and increased cross-country cars and the conditions for maximum cross-country mobility, as well as the corresponding national standard, are presented. Keywords: off-road, vehicle, performance, mobility of movement, layout, suspension, standard.

The main system responsible for the safety of the car is its braking system. The efficiency of the braking system is assessed by several parameters, the main of which is the maximum braking force, which is generated in the braking mechanisms, usually it is disc or drum types of brakes. The analysis of peculiarities of designs of existing types of brakes of cars is carried out, advantages and disadvantages of each of them, characteristics of application and maintenance are substantiated. The main factors that have a significant impact on the efficiency of the car's brake system have been identified. It was carried out the research of the influence of the main operational factors on the efficiency of the car's brake system: the pressure in the car's tires, contamination, and friction pairs of the brake mechanisms. The method of conducting experimental test lane and road researches of influence of the chosen factors on indicators of braking efficiency of the car is developed. Test lane experimental studies were performed using the Bosch BSA 4340 brake test equipment, graphs of changes in the braking efficiency of each of the car's wheels based on the researches were built, depending first on the change in tire pressure, then on the presence of rust, grit, and grime and level of wear of mechanisms. The quantity of the maximum braking force of the car depending on three quantities of pressure in tires of wheels was identified: the pressure recommended by the factory of 0,18 MPa, the lowered and increased pressures 0.15 and 0.25 MPa respectively. The influence of motor oil caught in the brake mechanism or treatment with special pastes on the value of the maximum braking force is also determined. The influence of the state of the brake discs and pads on the braking efficiency of the car was also investigated, the braking indicators were measured before and after the replacement of the brake disc and pads. On the basis of the conducted test line and road researches, conclusions are made and practical recommendations on prevention of reduction of brake efficiency of the car in the conditions of operation are offered.

The development and condition of the road network of Ukraine significantly lag behind the needs of society. At the same time, the road itself is the basic factor that forms the smoothness and driving comfort in the aspect of vibration loads of the driver and passengers. In addition, in the conditions of warfare, the mobility (that is, speed modes) of military vehicles off-road is extremely important, the maximum values of which are limited to reaching the maximum permissible levels of vibration loads on personnel (driver – passenger). As a result of practical tests, the results of vibration loads were obtained for the scheme “Road surface – Car – Passenger”. Based on these results, the foundations for the formation of a national regulatory framework regarding the permissible vibration loads during the transporting of passengers on roads and as well as conditions for limiting the speed of off-road vehicles were developed. Based on ISO 2631-1, according to the results of the research, regulatory requirements for the level of permissible vibration loads for city, suburban, and intercity buses, as well as a conformity assessment methodology had been defined. The issues of suspension requirements for off-road driving are considered in connection with the formation of the regulatory framework for military equipment as the basis for mobility from the conditions of vibration loads and the separation of requirements to military equipment designs, depending on the scope of use. By analogy with NATO countries, the above requirements are also necessary regarding the suspension, as a determining element of comfort and off-road mobility. This predetermines the development of a separate standard for military equipment. Keywords. smoothness, passenger transportation, highway, off-road driving, vibration loads.