The article describes modern European trends in the development of higher education in the realities of military aggression (using Ukrainian experience). General scientific methods are used in the article. Using the comparative method, the key foundations of educational reforms in some European countries close to Ukraine (Poland and Georgia) were determined. In the article also was use the prognostic method. Additional research methods were retrospective, functional, systemic, etc. In the results, the Polish and Georgian experience of regulating higher education against the background of military aggression, the peculiarities of the use of distance education in wartime conditions, and media education are characterized as a key trend in the development of the higher education system in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. In the conclusions, it is stated that Ukraine will need certain structural transformations in higher education. The Ukrainian experience of the functioning of education against the background of the Russian aggressor demonstrates that distance education is of particular importance today. The fundamental trend of the development of the higher education system in the realities of the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation is media education. The developed recommendations will be useful in overcoming the future crisis of higher education in Ukraine.

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The purpose of the article is to reveal the problem of using information technology in educational institutions. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework, scientific and methodological literature on the research topic, the specificity of the implementation of information technologies in the study of individual subjects was determined. Particular attention in the article is paid to the consideration of the influence of computerization on the quality of education, examples of the use of information technologies in education are revealed. The article describes the three main components of information technology as a complex of hardware, software and a system of organizational and methodological support; the description of analog and digital information technologies is presented. The authors list the most common multifunctional office applications and IT tools; the advantages of using IT in the educational process are highlighted. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of information technologies in education makes it possible to diversify a wide range of forms and methods of teaching, which are one of the modern ways to improve the educational process.

The presented collective work was prepared during the implementation of the annual plan of research works of the Book Chamber of Ukraine named after Ivan Fedorov. This article raises the issue of publishing graphic editions in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). The chronological boundaries of the study cover 1953 — a historic stage that was a turning point in the development of the world. A number of mutually conditioned events are connected with the year of Joseph Stalin's death. The beginning of the abolition of long-standing tyrannical rule in the USSR, the formation of a liberal regime in the world's first socialist country led to tectonic shifts in the entire structure of the then socialist camp and symptomatic fluctuations in most newly established people's democracies. 1953 was the first year of Khrushchev's "thaw" in Soviet Ukraine, which at that time was still living in a "post-war" war in the western regions of the USSR. The defining stages of this period, of course, affected the publishing business of the republic, however, the controversial component of the process of liberalization of socio-political life in the USSR (condemnation of Stalin's cult, carefully launched then the process of rehabilitation of innocent victims of Stalinism) did not find its bright reflection. First of all, this applies to loose-leaf graphic editions, which, taking into account the diversity of genres and the propaganda orientation of its own functionality, should be the first to react to the announced events. Meanwhile, the fund of graphic editions processed by us in the 1953 segment testifies to the complete alienation of the publishing business of the Ukrainian SSR from the shocking events of that time. Ukrainian Soviet printing, apparently, pursued a course to preserve the inertia of previous years, which was reflected in all types of loose-leaf graphic editions, such as: postcards, portraits, posters and more.