Background: Arterial hypertension (AH) remains the most common cardiovascular (CV) risk factor worldwide. Methods: Seventy five moderate-to-severe hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity aged from 48 to 66 years (45/30 men and women respectively) were selected from the entire cohort (n = 375) according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were divided into two subgroups depending on the arm of antihypertensive therapy lines. The first subgroup of patients (n = 36) received a non-fixed combination of oral antihypertensive agents: perindopril (4-8 mg daily), indapamide (1.25-2.5 mg daily) and amlodopine (5-10 mg daily). The second subgroup of patients (n=39) received fixed-dosed combination of these antihypertensive agents aforementioned in the ranged doses (4 mg/1.25mg/5 mg; 4 mg/1.25mg/10 mg; 8 mg/2.5 mg/5 mg; 8 mg/2.5mg/10 mg) in the same manner. The examinations of the clinical status, office, and ambulatory blood pressure values were carried out at baseline in 3 and 6 months after study entry. Results: The frequencies of BP target levels after treatment were higher in the fixed-dose combination group than in the non-fixed combination (at 3 months: 80% versus 58%, p<0.05 and at 6 months: 85% versus 53%, p<0.05). The adherence to triple fixed-dose combination was also higher in comparison with one to non-fixed combination (at 3 months: 82% versus 64%, p<0.05 and at 6 months: 87% versus 61%, p<0.05). It has been established that low-dose of perindopril/indapamide/amlodopine (4mg/1.25/10mg and 8mg/2.5/5mg) were used frequently in fixed-dose combination cohort of patients than in non-fixed combination (15% versus 0%, P<0.05, and 33% versus 19%, p<0.05, respectively). At the same time, maximum doses of these agents (8mg/2.5mg/10mg) were required for achieving target BP levels in a significantly lower proportion of patients receiving fixed-dose combination as compared to patients receiving non-fixed combination (52% versus 81%, p<0.05). Additionally, the triple fixed-dose combination has proved to be better in restoring ambulatory blood pressure monitoring profile than non-fixed combination. Conclusion: Achievement of target blood pressure levels in patients with uncontrolled arterial hypertension and abdominal obesity was possible at lower doses of perindopril, indapamide, and amlodipine when used as a fixed-dose combination rather than non-fixed (free) combination. Key words: abdominal obesity, antihypertensive therapy, arterial hypertension, fixed-dose combination of antihypertensive agents, non-fixed combination of antihypertensive agents Cite this article : Koval S M, Snihurska I O, Starchenko T G, Penkova M Y, Mysnychenko O V, Yushko K O, Lytvynova O M, Vysotska O, Berezin A E. Efficacy of fixed dose of triple combination of perindoprilindapamide-amlodipine in obese patients with moderate-to-severe arterial hypertension: an open-label 6-month study. Biomed. Res. Ther.; 6(11):3501-3512. 3501 History •

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АННОТАЦИЯ Статья посвящена определению системных колориметрических параметров демаскировки крыс (Rattus norvegicus) при видеорегистрации в городских условиях. Найдена комбинация значений колориметрических параметров, которая может сыграть роль системного колориметрического параметра, являющейся наиболее выраженной мерой пестроты защитной окраски Rattus norvegicus. Эффективность использования найденного системного колориметрического параметра была проверена обработкой полученного изображения крысы на фоне фрагмента городского пейзажа. Полученные результаты обработки изображения крысы показывают эффективность повышения контрастности силуэта животного, что увеличивает эффективность видео-регистрации численности и миграций серой крысы в условиях города. Ключевые слова: серая крыса; защитная окраска; колорометрические параметры; обработка изображения; траектория системы; дискретные модели динамических систем; база данных ABSTRACT The relevance of the article is determined by threats to biobesopathy in urban conditions, which can be created by loss of control over the population of rats (Rattus norvegicus). The purpose of the study is to determine of the system colorimetric parameters of unmasking rats with video recording in urban conditions. Methods of solution. This goal is achieved by mathematical modeling of systemic colorimetric parameters of the rat's protective coloration. Exceeding these values over similar background values of the urban landscape fragments allows unmasking animals. Modeling is performed using new class of models -discrete models of dynamic systems, based on the actual image material Rattus norvegicus. Images taken from the Internet and processed using MatLab package. Results. A values combination of the colorimetric parameters are found that can play the role of the system colorimetric parameters, which is the most pronounced measure of the variegation of the Rattus norvegicus protective coloration. This value is entered in a specially created database, which contains information about the spatial coordinates of this segment in the image. The value of the specified color parameter for each segment during image processing is denoted by a conventional color. Placing a segment on an image is determined by its spatial coordinates entered in the database. The effectiveness of SCP using was verified by image processing of the rat against the background of a fragment of the urban landscape. Conclusions. The results of image processing of the rat show the effectiveness of contrast increasing of the silhouette of the animal, which increases the efficiency of video recording of numbers and migrations of the gray rats in urban conditions.

Patients with NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and subclinical hypothyroidism are at risk of cardiovascular complications that cause cardiometabolic changes, thus enabling to broaden our understanding of the cardiovascular events risk in a comorbid patient. The aim: The study of hormonal and metabolic indicators and cardiovascular risk factors in women from NAFLD combined with SH (subclinical hypothyroidism) depending on the age. Materials and methods: 128 patients with NAFLD were studied, which were divided into 2 groups: І group – patients with NAFLD and level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) – 4 to 10 mIU/mL (n=45), ІІ group - patients with NAFLD and level of TSH >10 mIU/mL (n=49). The control group consisted of 34 NAFLD patients without SH. Depending on the level of TSH and age, degree of cardiovascular risk, indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as the indicators that reflect ED were evaluated. Results: Comparison of metabolic parameters in two groups showed a significant difference (p<0.01 between indicators depending on the TSH level, where patients were below 50 years of age: HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP). The levels of CDEC (circulating desquamated endothelial cells), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), CRP (C-reactive protein) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) were dependent not only on TSH, but also on age. Significant differences (p=0.001) were obtained in patients aged ≤ 50 years: CDEC; VEGF, CRP; TNF-α. Conclusions: Patients from NAFLD combined with SH have hormonal-metabolic disorders, and their degree depends on the TSH level. Early cardiometabolic changes in women are formed already at the age under 50 years, which indicates the formation of early atherosclerotic vascular changes

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