The level of occupational illness in production by regions and sectors of the economy of enterprises in Ukraine has been analyzed. It has been established that the number of victims of cases of chronic occupational disease (poisoning) at work over the past five years remains high. Most occupational diseases occurred in the mining and quarrying industries. In 2020, the number of victims of acute occupational disease COVID-19 has increased significantly, especially in the field of healthcare.

Незважаючи на впровадження сучасних і більш безпечних технологій, питання виробничого травматизму на сьогодні не втрачає своєї актуальності. Мета цієї статті – аналіз стану виробничого травматизму, зокрема смертельного, по регіонах України та визначення основних причин його виникнення. Встановлено, що протягом 2016–2020 рр. показники виробничого травматизму по регі-онах України за даними актів Н–1/П, пов’язаних із виробництвом, мають тенденцію до зниження рівня кількості потерпілих від нещасних випадків. Рівень смертельного травматизму залишається на високому рівні. 2017 року порівняно з 2016 роком кількість потерпілих від нещасних випадків збі-льшилася на 4,2 %, а кількість смертельно травмованих осіб зменшилась на 8,8 %. Упродовж 2017–2019 рр. спостерігалося зменшення кількості нещасних випадків на виробництві, а також збільшен-ня кількості смертельно травмованих осіб. Внаслідок пандемії коронавірусної хвороби (COVID–19) 2020 року відбулося різке збільшення кількості потерпілих від нещасних випадків на виробництві – 6646 осіб (в т.ч. смертельно – 393), що більше на 51,3 % порівняно з 2019 роком, а кількість смер-тельно травмованих осіб зменшилась на 4,1 %. З них 3054 (в т.ч. смертельно – 66) – потерпілі від випадків гострого професійного захворювання з діагнозом COVID–19, що становить 46 % від зага-льної кількості потерпілих. 2020 року зареєстровано 3592 (з них 327 – смертельно) потерпілих від нещасних випадків на виробництві без урахування гострих професійних захворювань на COVID–19. Порівняно з 2019 роком кількість нещасних випадків без урахування гострих професійних захворю-вань на COVID–19 зменшилась на 18,3 %, а кількість смертельно травмованих осіб зменшилась на 20,2 %. До найбільш травмонебезпечних регіонів України, в середньому за 2016–2020 рр., за кількіс-тю нещасних випадків, зокрема зі смертельними наслідками відносяться: Дніпропетровська область, Донецька область, м. Київ, а також Львівська, Запорізька, Київська та Харківська області. Серед основних причин настання нещасних випадків перше місце посідають організаційні (62,9 %), друге – психофізіологічні (19,5 %), третє – технічні (11,0 %), четверте – інші причини (6,6 %).

Purpose. To analyze the state of occupational traumatism, including the fatal in the economy of Ukrainian enter- prises and to identify the main reasons of injuries. Methodology. To study occupational traumatism reams of data on victims of accidents at work, is used including deadly, in terms of sectors of the economy of Ukrainian enterprises. Findings. The state of occupational traumatism in the sectors of the economy of Ukrainian enterprises in 2017–2020 is studied, the main causes of accidents are identified. It is established that in 2019 compared to 2017, the number of vic- tims of accidents decreased by 11.5 %, and the level of fatal injuries increased by 23.5 %, respectively. In connection with the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID–19) in 2020 there was a sharp increase in the number of victims of accidents at work – 6646 people (including fatal – 393), which is 51.3 % more than in 2019 year, of which 3054 victims (including fatal – 66) from cases of acute occupational disease with a diagnosis of COVID–19. The number of accidents related to production excluding acute occupational diseases on COVID–19 decreased by 18.3 %, including fatally in- jured – by 20.2 %. The most traumatic sectors of the economy of Ukrainian enterprises are: health care, mining and quarrying. Among the main causes of accidents, the first place is occupied by organizational (62.9 %), the second – psychophysiological (19.5 %), the third – technical (11.0 %), the fourth place – other reasons (6.6 %). Originality. It is established that the indicators of occupational traumatism, including with fatal consequences, tend to decrease. There is an increase in the number of acute occupational diseases diagnosed with COVID–19 in the workplace compared to previous years. Practical value. In the context of a coronavirus pandemic, the most traumatic areas remain health care; mining and quarrying; transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities; agriculture, forestry and fisheries; whole- sale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; metallurgical production, production of finished metal products, except machinery and equipment and construction. Сonclusions. The current state of occupational traumatism in Ukraine indicates that the level of general injuries in Ukraine tends to decrease, but fatal traumatism remains high. The sharp increase in the number of victims in 2020 due to the acute occupational disease COVID–19 had a significant impact on the state of occupational traumatism. Among the reasons that caused the occurrence of accidents at work, organizational ones predominate. References 11, tables 3, figures 3.

Purpose. It is established that biological activity is one of the main indicators of soil fertility and it plays an important role in the cycle of nutrients, in their availability to plants. Methodology. Based on the analysis of literature sources, the article presents the results of scientific research of domestic and foreign authors on the patterns of passage in the soil microbiological processes in intensive land use. Findings. The mineral and organic composition of the soil and its physicochemical state regulate the number and composition of microbiocenoses, which include bacteria, fungi, protozoa and bacteriophages. The microflora is used as an indicator to determine the direction of over flow in the soil of such processes as the rate of humification and mineralization of humus, the growth of unproductive losses of nitrogen gas in the processes of denitrification and nitrification, the accumulation of nitrates in the soil. The process of humification depends on the amount of microflora involved in the synthesis and decomposition of humus. The rate of carbon dioxide release allows you to assess objectively the intensity of the process of mineralization of organic matter. Mycorrhizal fungies are important in the soil ecosystem, as they play a key role in the close relationship between plants and soil. Soil bacteria (bacilli) can be used as an indicator of the depth of development of the soil formation process. Originality. The peculiarity of the soil microorganisms is their ability to decompose complex macromolecular compounds into simple final products. With the change of nutrient, air and water regimes during the intensive agriculture, the anthropogenic impact on the soil increases. Practical value. The application of mineral and organic fertilizers in sufficient quantities provides the plant with nutrients that are the sources of nutrition for microorganisms in the soil and the energy for biochemical processes taking place in it. It was studied that the application of manure, straw, cereals and greens leads to an increase in total biological activity of the soil by 8.24 %, activates the flow of microbiological and biochemical processes in the soil, increases the intensity of carbon dioxide by 1.7–2.5 times. The use of mineral fertilizers slows down the microbiological and cellulosolytic processes of mineralization of organic residues and the development of soil biota. The combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers makes it possible to achieve maximum values of soil nitrification capacity, carbon dioxide emissions and the intensity of decomposition of linen. References 29.

European and world experience testifies that the major element of reform of decentralization in Ukraine is reformation of local selfgovernment, creation of capable territorial communities, that must be able to satisfy the necessities related to the vital functions of habitants of settlements, and also properly to provide realization of their rights. The input of new mechanism of the budgetary adjusting changed the system of total balancing of all local budgets on the horizontal smoothing of taxability of territories depending on the level of receivabless on one habitant. The significant amount of budgetary facilities remains in the complete order of local authorities. Reform of interbudgetary relations stimulates territorial communities more effective to fill the estimates, become self-sufficient and carefully plan the charges. The local government independently decides on which needs spend budgetary funds, which is especially important for the development of united territorial communities. The article examines the essence of budget decentralization, its role and place in the development of united territorial communities. An assessment and analysis of budgetary decentralization in Ukraine has been carried out. The features of the introduction of budgetary decentralization in Ukraine are investigated, the main factors influencing the income and expenditures of local budgets are determined. Implementation of the decentralization reform, which has been ongoing in Ukraine for six years, includes a set of sectoral reforms, in particular, the reform of the administrative-territorial structure and the system of local self-government, and See also fiscal legislation. One of the key objectives of the reform is the voluntary unification of territorial communities and the formation of capable administrative-territorial units of the basic level. Thanks to the introduction of inter-municipal cooperation, the communities were able to consolidate their efforts and to implement common projects. In particular, 1354 territorial communities have signed 604 cooperation agreements. That is, the process of decentralization continues, they believed in it, and the resistance of opponents is being overcome. First, the reform of financial decentralization, local budget revenues show positive dynamics: in 2014 their volume was UAH 80.2 billion, then over six years, own revenues to the general fund of local budgets has increased by UAH 209.9 billion. and represented in 2020 UAH 290.1 billion. Total receipts from the general and special funds for this period increased by UAH 210.2 billion. This is a real instrument of influence on the achievement of results and responsibility for the trust of communities. The basis for the growth of revenues of local budgets was laid thanks to the changes adopted in 2015 to the Budget and Tax Codes of Ukraine regarding the transfer of additional budgetary powers to local governments and the consolidation of stable sources of income for their implementation. Financial decentralization in Ukraine has significantly accelerated the dynamics of investment activity. An important positive result of the reform of interbudgetary relations is the annual increase in investment resources of local budgets. After a sharp decline in investment activity in 2014, the volume of capital investments amounted to UAH 5.9 billion, while in 2020 their volume amounted to UAH 43.6 billion. On the average capital investments from local budgets in Ukraine for the years under study has increased by UAH 33.4 billion, the capital investment growth index was 7.39. Further implementation of the reform of budgetary decentralization and ensuring the effectiveness of the mechanism of budgetary regulation of socio-economic development requires expanding the rights of local authorities, strengthening their budgetary independence and determining their responsibility.