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Sirtuins (SIRT) have been regarded as culprits in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Their exact role has not been explained. This study aimed to assess the expression of SIRT1, SIRT6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ in psoriatic patients. Thirty psoriatic patients and 22 controls were enrolled. Clinical examination and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were obtained. Two skin biopsies (lesional, peri-lesional) and one from controls were obtained. Tissue levels of SIRT1, SIRT6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured using ELISA. SIRT1 was significantly lower in lesional skin with gradual increase in perilesional followed by control skin (P <0.001). SIRT6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were significantly higher in lesional than perilesional and control skin (P <0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between SIRT1 and TNF-α, IFN-γ and between SIRT6 and TNF-α in peri-lesional skin. SIRT1 and SIRT6 are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Modulating their action could offer a novel therapy for such disease.

Aim To assess the effect of Neem versus 2.5% NaOCl as root canal irrigants on the intensity of post‐operative pain and amount of endotoxins following root canal treatment of mandibular molars with necrotic pulps. Methodology This parallel, prospective, double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial with allocation ratio 1:1 was conducted in the out‐patient clinic of the Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt. Fifty healthy patients with mandibular molars with necrotic pulps were randomly assigned into two equal groups using computer software. In the intervention group, root canals were irrigated using Neem; whilst 2.5% NaOCl was used in the control group. A standard root canal treatment was performed in two visits using ProTaper Next rotary files, with no intracanal medication. Pain intensity was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) 6, 12, 24 and 48 h following instrumentation and canal filling. Endotoxin samples were collected using three paper points before and after canal instrumentation and a sandwich ELISA method was used to quantify the level of endotoxins. Demographic, baseline, and outcome data were collected and analysed using chi‐square tests (for the comparisons of categorical variables), Mann–Whitney tests (for non‐normally distributed variables) and Student’s t tests (for normally distributed variables), A P‐value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The mean pain scores within the two groups decreased continually over time. The mean pain scores in the Neem group were lower than those in the 2.5% NaOCl group at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h following instrumentation and canal filling with no significant difference between them except at 24 h following instrumentation (P = 0.012). Both irrigants significantly reduced endotoxin levels compared to the pre‐instrumentation samples (P < 0.001) by 8% for the NaOCL group and 18% for the Neem group. Conclusion Neem and 2.5% NaOCl were not significantly different in terms of reducing the intensity of post‐operative pain during all follow‐up periods except at 24 h following instrumentation where Neem was associated with lower pain intensity. Both irrigants significantly reduced endotoxin levels but were not effective in eliminating endotoxins completely from root canals of mandibular molars with necrotic pulps.

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Background: Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder manifested by recurrent episodes of scaly, red, itchy skin patches that occur within apparently normal skin. Objectives: This study was performed to detect the expression of serum and tissue (lesion and non-lesion) LncRNA MALAT-1 and MiRNA-9 that might be used as biomarkers for psoriasis. Methods: 100 subjects were included in this study, 60 psoriatic patients as well as 40 controls, blood samples were taken from all subjects, 4 mm punch biopsy was taken from lesional and non lesional skin of psoriatic patient and controls. Expression of LncRNA MALAT-1 and miRNNA-9 in Serum and tissues was detected by real time qRT-PCR.Results: our results revealed a statistically significant increase in the expression of MALAT-1 in lesional and non-lesional skin and serum of psoriatic patients than controls. Also there was statistically significant increase in serum MiRNA-9 in patients than controls. Meanwhile, its tissue level was significantly decreased in patients than controls.Conclusion: This study highlights the contribution of LncRNA MALAT-1and miRNA-9 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Elevated expression of MALAT-1 in lesional skin of psoriatic patients compared to non-lesional skin is probably an important factor in the development of psoriatic plaques.