We propose that the traits specific to the ecotypic entities are maintained by natural selection or are very recently generated and have little effect on the genomes, making genome-wide genetic markers unsuitable for detecting ecotypic differentiation. Furthermore, some sporadically distributed taxa (found as rheophytes and alpine plants) were repeatedly generated from a more widespread taxon in geographically distant areas by means of selection. Overall, this study showed that the goldenrod complex has a high ability to evolve, enabling rapid ecological diversification over a recent timeframe.

The "Flora of Russia" project on iNaturalist brought together professional scientists and amateur naturalists from all over the country. Over 10,000 people were involved in the data collection. Within 20 months, the participants accumulated 750,143 photo observations of 6,857 species of the Russian flora. This constitutes the largest dataset of open spatial data on the country’s biodiversity and a leading source of data on the current state of the national flora. About 87% of all project data, i.e. 652,285 observations, are available under free licences (CC0, CC-BY, CC-BY-NC) and can be freely used in scientific, educational and environmental activities.

The paper presents a checklist of the species invading the natural phytocenoses of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia (FEFD) that includes 40.6 % of the state territory. It summarizes original data on distribution, habitats and inva sive ness status (IS) of 116 alien species belonging to 99 genera of 32 families. Eigh teen species are only beginning to invade natural cenoses and have IS 3; 76 species intensively invade natural cenoses and are listed in the group with IS 2. Trans former are represented by 22 species with IS 1, of which Ambrosia arte misiifolia, Bidens frondosa, Solidago canadensis, Impatiens glandulifera and Hordeum juba tum are most widely distributed. A very strong heterogeneity of the soil and cli mate conditions accounts for a considerable disparity in the list of alien species between various territorial districts of the FEFD. Many species that actively co lo nize southern districts do not occur in the north, or only individual plants of them are reported. The article is a step towards the preparation of the Black Book of the Russian Far East flora and the basis for making decision on prevention the economic and environmental damage of the natural biodiversity of the region.

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This paper presents information about the distribution of invasive plant species in the Kamchatka Peninsula and the communities formed by these species in the urban areas. Some of these species are from the "black list" of invasive plants of Russia and some plants are usual for central Russia. These species were introduced to the Kamchatka Peninsula and actively spread over the urban area in recent years. We assign communities with the dominance of the species under study to 2 classes of vegetation: Galio-Urticetea and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. The paper presents the prodromus of vegetation communities with the dominance of the invasive species and a brief description of the syntaxa. The invasive species successfully invade synanthropic habitats, including the natural communities. It is necessary to observe their ecological status and find ways to prevent their further spread in the Kamchatskii Krai. В статье представлены све де ния о распространении инвазионных видов растений на полуострове Кам чатка и их сообществах, формирующихся в населенных пунктах. Среди них есть как виды из «черного списка» инвазионных растений России, так и обыч ные для средней полосы России растения, являющиеся заносными на Кам чатке и активно заселяющие городскую территорию в последние годы. Опи санные сообщества с доминированием данных видов охарактеризованы как дериватные и отнесены к 2 классам растительности: Galio-Urticetea и Mo linio-Arrhenatheretea. Представлен продромус растительных сообществ с до ми нированием изучаемых видов и дана краткая характеристика выделенных син таксонов. Инвазионные виды не только успешно распространяются по си нантропным местообитаниям, но и имеют тенденцию к внедрению в ес тест венные сообщества, поэтому в дальнейшем необходим мониторинг их со стояния, а также поиск путей сдерживания их дальнейшего распространения по Камчатскому краю. К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а : Invasive species in Kamchatka: distribution and communitiesThe previous examination of synanthropic flora of the Kamchatka was only fragmentary and now requires an ove rall inventory. Some alien species actively spread due to the development of housing construction, road networks and transport systems (Devyatova et al. 2015). Among them there are problematic invasive species. These species pro duce numerous progenies, spread over the region and often in vade into natural habitats. We started the examination of the urban areas of PetropavlovskKamchatskiy and other settle ments in 2012. This paper presents data concerning the communities formed by some alien species: Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., Impatiens glandulifera Royle, Symphytum cau casicum Bieb., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl., Reynoutria sachalinen sis (Fr. Schmidt) Nakai, Tussilago farfara L., Vicia cracca L., Arctium tomentosum Mill. They include both species of Rus sia's invasive plants "Black List" (Vinogradova et al. 2015) and the plants of the temperate zone of Russia.