The article touches upon the problem of forming the consumer goods basket, which is an important social factor determining the living cost of the population. Analysis of the methods of calculating the consumer goods basket in the Russian Federation and in the Astrakhan region has shown that food products make up 50% of it, which is 2.5 times higher than their share in consumer goods baskets of economically developed countries. In terms of the variety of products and services, the consumer goods basket in Russia is a clear outsider: it contains 156 items against 350 - 475 items in Western Europe and the United States. It can be considered a consumer goods basket of the poor, because it only provides an opportunity to survive in conditions of austerity. The comparative analysis of food products included in the basket of the Astrakhan region and recommended by the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation revealed significant deviations from the rational consumption standards. Their observance will increase the living cost of different categories of population in the region from 4.5% to 20% and require an increase in regional budget expenditures for providing social support measures by 15%. It has been inferred that the dual role of the food basket in the economy is explained by two opposite goals: social and budgetary. The goals of social development dictate the establishment of the volume of food consumption in accordance with scientific recommendations. The goals of budget savings lead to underestimation of the basket cost due to using a limited number of cheap products and an incomplete list of goods and services for normal human life. It is necessary to review the composition of the consumer goods basket in favor of a healthier and more useful set of products, expanding the range of non-food items and the list of services. The expansion of the consumer basket can become an effective factor in the growth of consumption volumes, the growth of business income, taxes and the state budget, reach the higher living standards in accordance with the requirements of the social market economy

Рассмотрены вопросы внедрения современных инструментов менеджмента в практику финансовой деятельности нефтегазовой компании для оптимизации финансового управления. Дана характеристика рынков нефтедобычи и нефтесервисных услуг. В результате проведён-ного анализа было выявлено, что для нефтегазовой отрасли Казахстана в настоящий момент характерны процессы восстановления после кризисных явлений 2014-2015 гг. Нефтяная отрасль важна для экономического развития Казахстана. Акционерное общество «Мангистауму-найгаз» является одной из крупнейших нефтегазодобывающих компаний в Казахстане. Анализ основных экономических параметров деятельности компании «Мангистаумунайгаз» показал, что за анализируемый период предприятие довольно успешно развивалось, несмотря на кри-зисные явления в экономике страны, однако в среднесрочном периоде наблюдались некоторые колебания. В целях повышения эффективности деятельности предприятия «Мангистауму-найгаз» предлагается внедрить трансформационную финансовую модель управления активами, основанную на современных инструментах менеджмента, таких как система раздельного учёта, система планирования прибыли по стратегическим бизнес-единицам (бюджетирование), переход к раздельному финансовому учёту скважин и их эффективности. Предлагается также применить одно из средств координации товарных и финансовых потоков -факторинг. Основное преимущество факторинга заключается в бесперебойном обеспечении нефтегазовой компании оборотными средствами сразу после поставки. В Казахстане действует нацио-нальная факторинговая ассоциация, годовой оборот участников которой в 2016 г. составил 28,1 млрд тенге. Анализ экономической эффективности факторинга показал его способность оказывать влияние на финансовую устойчивость компании.Ключевые слова: инструменты и методы финансового менеджмента, конкурентоспо-собность, нефтегазовая компания, трансформационная финансовая модель управления активами, финансовая стратегия, факторинг.

The ship shafting ensures the operation of power plants for a significant number of ships of the Russian fleet. Improving the methods of increasing its reliability is an important and urgent task. Part of the loads acting on the propeller and intermediate shafts are random in time and magnitude, that is why it becomes necessary to create a diagnostic system to record the loads and assess the technical condition in real time. The project for creating such a system is knowledge-intensive and involves a large amount of R&D and attraction of investments. There has been suggested an approach to substantiate R&D based on the description of its novelty, commercialization prospects, market analysis and segmentation, business model and calculation of planned economic indicators. The results of the statistical analysis of ship shafting failures are given. An approach is proposed to improve the reliability of a ship power plant based on the simultaneous registration of torsional, transverse and longitudinal vibrations. A quantitative assessment of the market volume was carried out, taking into account the volatility of the exchange rate. The total market size is estimated by the number of vessels in operation by using the methodology of PAM, TAM, SAM and SOM indicators. The target audience of the project was determined by available distribution channels. A nine-block model and commercialization scheme have been developed. The results of calculating the economic efficiency of the investment project are given: net present value and internal rate of return. The results obtained and the applied approaches can serve as a basis for substantiating the investment attractiveness of high-tech projects in the shipbuilding industry.

The article dwells upon the continued decrease of income level of the Russian population as a result of the financial crisis and rising inflation, which is followed by yearly contraction of needs and savings. The analysis of the income structure of the Russian people confirmed the growth of the share of wages while reducing income from the use of property, business income, and social benefits. The tendencies to changing the income level in the different industries and regions of the Russian Federation have been identified. The average income level of the population of the Astrakhan region has been defined, the finance dynamics for the period from 2016 to 2018 has been evaluated. The tendencies to changing individual components of the population income in the Astrakhan region have been investigated: wages, business income, employment of property, social benefits. There has been estimated the average monthly wage in the region (in nominal and real terms) and the rate of its changes over the studied period. The estimation of the size of social payments to the population of the Astrakhan region has been made. The main part in the total volume of social payments to the population comes to pensions (74.8%). The criteria of the subsistence minimum both in the country and in the region have been given. It has been inferred that the living cost in the country is greatly underestimated, actually, in half, compared to the real living cost, which is related to saving the budget. In the Astrakhan region a great proportion of the population has incomes below the minimum subsistence level: 16.0% of the region’s population is below the poverty line. To reduce the level of poverty, to increase incomes of the population and to reduce the share of citizens with incomes below the subsistence minimum there have been proposed a number of that will help to reach a higher standard of living in accordance with the requirements of the social market economy.

The article considers the conditions for risk factors, classifies them, determines the specific risk-forming factors inherent in the Astrakhan region of the agricultural industry. There have been developed methods to reduce the influence of risk-forming factors in the agro-industrial complex. The main types of production and market risks in agriculture influencing the commodity producers are analyzed. The specificity, abundance and uncontrolled nature of risks lower the investment attractiveness of the industry. Today not only agricultural producers, but also the state should prevent from reducing the level of agricultural risks, which will be an effective step in attracting private investment into the industry. There has been proposed a basis for building a risk management system which helps the agrarian managers correctly assess the current market, production and climatic situation, predict the future and develop measures to reduce risks to the level at which they will not have a significant impact on the development of the enterprise. The structure of selling the physical volume of agricultural products of the Astrakhan region in 2021 is analyzed. It has been stated that a promising direction for the development of crop production in the Astrakhan region is the production of greenhouse vegetables. The characteristics of vegetable production, which determine specific sources of risks, are listed. Tools and methods for reducing risks in agriculture of the Astrakhan region are studied in detail. Conclusions are drawn about the need to apply the practical and applied methods, techniques and mechanisms, taking into account the specifics of the industry, as well as the managerial nature of both individual enterprises and the industry as a whole.