No abstract

Hydrated fullerene (HyFnC60) is a highly hydrophilic supra-molecular complex consisting of unmodified С60 fullerene molecule enclosed into a hydrated shell. It has been shown in numerous experiments that aqueous solutions of HyFnC60 manifest a wide range of biological activities both in vivo and in vitro even at very low concentrations of HyFnC60. We used a spectrophotometric method and a method of biochemoluminescence to demonstrate that HyFnC60 in concentrations below 10(-9) M down to 10(-23) M stabilizes peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and bacterial luciferase against inactivation due to long-term incubation of the enzymes at room temperature and also against heat inactivation. In addition, HyFnC60 was able to "revive" heat inactivated enzymes. These effects cannot be explained by the direct action of the fullerene molecules upon the enzymes. We suggest that the effects of HyFnC60 on the enzymes are related to the ability of hydrated fullerene C60 molecules to organize thick aqueous shells around them. One of the specific properties of water phase in these shells is its ability to optimize redox reactions, which can support enzyme stability against factors deteriorating their structure.

The study disclosed herein provides for the first time a detailed experimental support for the general mechanism of the cigarette-smoke-derived chemiluminescence, as an example par excellence of the excited-state generation in a chemically complex aerosol medium. The mechanism involves chemiexcitation in a unimolecular transformation of the smoke-borne free radical species. However, the concentration of these radicals, [r∙], obeys a bimolecular (second-order) kinetics and depends on a particulate-phase content (total particulate matter, TPM) of the cigarette smoke. The decrease in [r∙] with increasing the TPM amount manifests radical-scavenging propensity of the smoke particulate phase. Astonishingly, no energy transfer takes place from the primary excited light-emitting species to luminophoric molecules abundant in the smoke. The reported results build up fundamentals of a facile chemiluminescence assay for free radical properties of the smoke. The experimental approaches developed for this study are of general scope and may be used for mechanistic elucidation of the excited-state generation in chemical systems and environments of an arbitrary complexity.

SummaryBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hypoxen® treatment and the effect of HyFnC60 on ROS production in patients’ blood.Material/MethodsROS production in blood was estimated using chemiluminescence (CL) measurement with CL-amplifiers: luminol (LM), LM + zymosan (ZM) or lucigenin (LC) in the presence or absence of hydrated fullerenes (HyFnC60) added to blood in low concentrations.ResultsIn all the patients with COPD in remission phase with Hypoxen® prescription, the LM-dependent CL (LM-CL) with ZM and LC-enhanced CL (LC-CL) decreased after the treatment. Parameters of CL and effects of HyFnC60 upon them depended on blood state. Addition of HyFnC60 to blood decreased data scattering and helped to improve discrimination between different groups of patients. Using the discriminator analysis, we found the most important time-points in the kinetic curves of CL for classification of patients into groups (eg, COPD patients before and after treatment with Hypoxen®; patients’ blood with different sensitivity to HyFnC60 concentration).ConclusionsMonitoring of CL of non-diluted whole blood in COPD patients can be used for the estimation of the Hypoxen® efficiency in complex therapy. Addition of HyFnC60 to blood increases sensitivity of the method.

Èññëåäîâàëè âëèÿíèå âîäíîãî ðàñòâîðà ãèäðàòèðîâàííîãî C 60 -ôóëëåðåíà (ÃÔ) íà ðîñò è "ñòàöèîíàðíîå ñòàðåíèå" (íàêîïëåíèå "âîçðàñòíûõ" èçìåíåíèé êëåòîê ïðè çàìåäëåíèè ñêî-ðîñòè ðàçìíîaeåíèÿ â ïðåäåëàõ îäíîãî ïàññàaeà è äàëüíåéøåì èõ ïðåáûâàíèè â ñòàöèîíàðíîé ôàçå ðîñòà) òðàíñôîðìèðîâàííûõ êóëüòèâèðóåìûõ êëåòîê êèòàéñêîãî õîìÿ÷êà ëèíèè B11-dii FAF28. Êîíå÷íàÿ ðàñ÷åòíàÿ êîíöåíòðàöèÿ ÃÔ â ðîñòîâîé ñðåäå ñîñòàâëÿëà 10 -19 M. Ïàðà-äîêñàëüíî, íî, â ïðîòèâîïîëîaeíîñòü èçâåñòíûì äàííûì îá îòñóòñòâèè öèòîòîêñè÷íîñòè ÃÔ â áîëåå âûñîêèõ êîíöåíòðàöèÿõ, â íàøèõ ýêñïåðèìåíòàõ îí çàìåäëÿë ðàçìíîaeåíèå êëåòîê (îöåíèâàåìîå ïî ðîñòó ìàññîâîé êóëüòóðû, à òàêaeå ïî ýôôåêòèâíîñòè êîëîíèåîáðàçîâàíèÿ) è óñêîðÿë ïðîöåññ "ñòàöèîíàðíîãî ñòàðåíèÿ" êëåòî÷íîé êóëüòóðû. Áîëåå òîãî, ïîâòîðíîå äî-áàâëåíèå âîäíîãî ðàñòâîðà ÃÔ äî óêàçàííîé ðàñ÷åòíîé êîíöåíòðàöèè ê êëåòêàì, óaeå íàõî-äÿùèìñÿ â ñòàöèîíàðíîé ôàçå ðîñòà, âûçûâàëî áûñòðóþ (â òå÷åíèå íå áîëåå ÷åì 24 ÷) ãèáåëü ÷àñòè êëåòî÷íîé ïîïóëÿöèè. Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî îáíàðóaeåííûå îñîáåííîñòè äåéñòâèÿ ÃÔ â ñâåðõìàëîé êîíöåíòðàöèè îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ îñîáûìè ñâîéñòâàìè âîäû, îêðóaeàþùåé ìîëåêóëó ôóëëåðåíà, à èìåííî òåì, ÷òî îíà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñâîåîáðàçíûì äîíîðîì è àêöåïòîðîì ýëåêòðî-íîâ, îáåñïå÷èâàÿ óïîðÿäî÷åíèå îêèñëèòåëüíî-âîññòàíîâèòåëüíûõ ïðîöåññîâ, ïðîòåêàþùèõ â âîäíûõ ñèñòåìàõ, è îñîáåííî òåõ, â êîòîðûõ ïðèíèìàåò ó÷àñòèå êèñëîðîä. Íå èñêëþ÷åíî, ÷òî òàêèì îáðàçîì ÃÔ â ñâåðõìàëîé êîíöåíòðàöèè âëèÿåò òîëüêî íà òðàíñôîðìèðîâàííûå êëåòêè, òàê ÷òî â íàøèõ äàëüíåéøèõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ ìû ïëàíèðóåì ïîâòîðèòü ýêñïåðèìåí-òû íà íîðìàëüíûõ ôèáðîáëàñòàõ, îáëàäàþùèõ îãðàíè÷åííûì ìèòîòè÷åñêèì ïîòåíöèàëîì. Âïîëíå âîçìîaeíî òàêaeå, ÷òî âûÿâëåííîå äðóãèìè èññëåäîâàòåëÿìè ãåðîïðîòåêòîðíîå äåéñò-âèå ÃÔ íà ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ aeèâîòíûõ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ åãî ïðîòèâîîïóõîëåâûìè, èììóíîñòè-ìóëèðóþùèìè, àíòèâèðóñíûìè è àíòèáàêòåðèàëüíûìè ñâîéñòâàìè, ïðîÿâëÿþùèìèñÿ ëèøü íà óðîâíå öåëîãî îðãàíèçìà. 60 -ôóëëåðåí, ñâåðõíèçêèå êîíöåíòðàöèè, êëåòî÷íûå êóëüòóðû, aeèçíåñïîñîáíîñòü, "ñòàöèîíàðíîå ñòàðåíèå", ýôôåêòèâíîñòü êîëîíèåîáðàçîâàíèÿ. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ãèäðàòèðîâàííûé Ñ