Высокой уровень заболеваемости и смертности от злокачественных новообразований делает разработку новых терапевтических препаратов актуальной задачей современной медицины. Чтобы потенциал научных открытий мог быть реализован в клинической практике, важным условием является доступ к биологическим образцам и их сопроводительным данным для тщательной оценки потенциальной терапевтической мишени, ее связи с конкретным заболеванием и выраженностью противоопухолевого ответа при воздействии изучаемым препаратом. Развитие биомедицинских технологий привело к созданию биобанков, специализирующихся на хранении коллекций препаратов, включающих как образцы тканей пациентов, а именно биопсийные и хирургические фрагменты опухолевых и нормальных тканей, серийные пробы крови, парафиновые блоки, так и производные от них биообразцы, такие как клеточные линии, органоиды, ксенотрансплантаты. В данной статье представлен обзор биобанков, имеющих наиболее обширные аннотированные коллекции опухолевых образцов, в том числе ксенотрансплантатов, полученных от пациентов, описан алгоритм поиска необходимой опухолевой модели при помощи глобального каталога PDX Finder, обсуждается развитие направлений, связанных с созданием и хранением коллекций биопрепаратов для их применения в трансляционных исследованиях в области онкологии. Ключевые слова: онкология, биобанк, репозиторий, PDX-биобанк.

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e14000 Background: The purpose of the study was to analyze changes in the total activity of trypsin-like proteinases (TLPs) in the blood plasma in patients with brain tumors for the preoperative differential diagnosis of benign, primary and secondary malignant brain tumors. Methods: TLPs were measured in 164 patients with brain tumors. The blood had been collected from the patients in a standard plastic tube with 3.8% sodium citrate (9:1) 3 days prior to the surgery. Citrate blood was centrifuged; citrated plasma was obtained and used to determine the total TLP activity by the unified kinetic method. Results were compared with the data in donors. Results: TLP activity in 37 (22.6%) of 164 patients was within the normal range (258–402 IU/mL, on the average 333.0±27.1 IU/mL). Benign brain tumors (meningioma) were diagnosed in all 37 patients after the tumor removal and histological analysis. In 74 (45.1%) of 164 patients, TLP activity was within 1158–1626 IU/mL (on the average 1331.0±102.4 IU/mL, p < 0.05), i.e. 3.8-5.3 times higher than the norm in donors (malignancy coefficient on average 4.4±0.3 times). Primary malignant brain tumors (glioblastoma) were diagnosed in all 74 patients after the tumor removal and histological analysis. In 53 (32.3%) of 164 patients, TLP activity was within 1794–2868 IU/mL (on the average 2227.0±174.1 IU/mL, p < 0.05), i.e. 5.9-9.4 times higher than the norm in donors (malignancy coefficient on average 7.3±0.5 times). Secondary malignant brain tumors (metastases) were diagnosed in all 53 patients after the tumor removal and histological analysis. Conclusions: The specificity of the proposed method for the differential diagnosis of brain tumors was very high: for benign tumors - 97.2%, for primary malignant tumors - 98.6% and for secondary malignant tumors - 98.1%. So, TLP activity indices in the blood plasma are an informative auxiliary laboratory test that will help in clarifying and/or confirming the differential diagnosis of brain tumors.

Aim to present the results of using single-photon emission computed tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography in the process of diagnosing osteodestructive changes in cancer patients with a rare comorbidity fibrous dysplasia. In the consultative and diagnostic department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, in 2021, 2 patients with fibrous dysplasia of the skull bones and synchronous oncological diseases were examined. The patients underwent a complex of diagnostic tests: spiral X-ray computed tomography of the head, chest, abdominal cavity and small pelvis, bone scintigraphy, single-photon emission computed tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography of the skeleton bones, and puncture biopsy under ultrasound control. The described clinical observations clearly demonstrate examples of a phased diagnostic oncological search in patients without pathognomonic clinical manifestations and with multiple lesions of the skull bones. An increase in diagnostic information content in the differential diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia of the skeleton bones and bone metastases is facilitated by single-photon emission computed tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography. The combination of these two hybrid technologies provides an opportunity to simultaneous determination of the volume and localization of lesions, timely conduction of differential diagnostics and, in turn, maximum optimization of the examination and management of patients in this category.

e14031 Background: The steady increase in the rates of high-grade gliomas (HGG) and poor results of antitumor therapy actualizes the problems of improving surgical and chemoradiation treatment, as well as accompanying therapy technologies for managing secondary disorders of neurological, cognitive, and adaptive status of neurooncological patients. Transcranial magnetotherapy (TMT) helps managing disorders of brain activity at the level of systemic and local regulation, including the mechanisms of formation of general anti-stress reactions of the body, as the basis for improving the quality of life. The purpose of the study was to improve the quality of life of patients with HGG receiving surgical and radiation treatment with TMT. Methods: Neurological and cognitive functions were analyzed in 50 patients with HGG after TMT (1 - ultra-low-frequency magnetic field on the projection of the hypothalamus, 0.3-3.0-9.0 Hz, induction 3 mT; 2 - pulsed magnetic field on the tumor bed, 0.3-3.0-9.0 Hz, induction 15 mT) in the early postoperative period and with radiation therapy, total boost dose 60 Gy, 30 fractions. The results were evaluated with the Bartel, Karnofsky, MoCA and NIHSS scales. Types of general adaptive reactions were identified according to the criteria of the cellular composition of blood by Garkavi. Results: 84% patients after TMT had no neurological symptoms (NIHSS scale), vs. 48% in controls. The number of patients without cognitive dysfunctions (MoCA scale) before radiation therapy was 3.4 times higher than the control values and exceeded them by 4.0 times after radiotherapy. Similar positive dynamics was observed when testing with the Bartel scale, with mild (88.0±4.7% vs. 45.5±10.6% in controls; p < 0.05) and moderate (12±6.5% vs. 45.5±10.6% in controls; p < 0.05) dependence on others in everyday life, and testing with the Karnofsky performance status in patients with the index 90 (60±7.1% in the main group vs. 27.3±9.5% in controls; p < 0.05), in which the symptoms of the disease were insignificant. A 3.4-fold decrease in the frequency of acute stress (S) development was registered, with increased coefficient (C) of antistress (AS) reactions (C = AS/S) by 3.0 times relative to the control values. Conclusions: Antistress mechanisms of the integral response to TMT involved neurological and cognitive recovery, contributing to early rehabilitation and improving the quality of life. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-315-90082\19.