No abstract

Abstract. Nusupov AM, Sambetbaev AA, Kozhebaev BZ, Nurzhanova KH, Gorelik OV. 2021. A comparison of the milk yield and morphometrics of Irtysh type Simmental cows and their Holstein and Simmental crosses in East Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 22: 3663-3670. Cattle breeding is still a significant part of agriculture manufacture both in milk and beef production. Dairy manufacture needs more and more modifications to increase milk productivity and produce milk with better nutrition properties. The authors present a comparison of the dairy cattle of the Simmental breed (Kazakhstan Irtysh type) and its cross-breeds with red-piebald Holstein and Simmental breeds. All the animals' breeds were studied at the time of the first lactation period in cows at the “Kamyshinskoye” farm, Shemonaikha District, East Kazakhstan region. We studied the milk productivity, exterior parameters, and reproductive indicators for the control animal group (Simmental breed Irtysh type) and the crosses (cross-breeds) of the red-piebald Holstein when collecting the research results and Irtysh type and Simmental and Irtysh type. All data obtained in this study have been fully compared with the indicators of the first lactation period of Simmental cows of the Irtysh type. As a result of the study, authors have created the curve of the 305-day lactation period, studied the exterior of the animals, the morphological structures of the udder, and the annual capacity cycles of the tested cows' group. The milk yield obtained in the first complete lactation period from the red-piebald Holstein cross-animals was 240 kg or 4.2% more than the control mother group, but the average milk fat percentage has been 0.09% less. On the contrary, the cross of the Irtysh and Simmental breed has a yield less by 258 kg or 4.7% (5277 kg), but a fat milk percentage has been 0.1% more.

In the modern world the technology of production becomes a decisive factor in the growth of the economic potential of all branches of animal husbandry, a profi table direction and object of application of capital and resources, an instrument of competition. Technology determines the level of intensity and effi ciency of production, its environmental safety, production quality, biological and nutritional value of food. In recent years, highly productive cattle of Black-and-White breed with a high proportion of blood of Holstein breed are used to produce milk. For expression of their genetic potential of productivity it is necessary to work out technology of rearing of replacement heifers as it is known that conditions of rearing have essential infl uence on further productivity of animals. From one-year-old heifers and heifers to 6-month pregnancy, the control group has been housed in a cell-group method on slotted cast-iron fl oors, and the experimental group has been housed in a loose-boxes technology. Diff erent ways of housing had an impact on the growth and development of animals. Heifers of the experimental group in the fi rst period of research from 12 to 15 months had a lower absolute gain in body weight, which has been associated according to our opinion with the stressful situation from the habituation of animals to each other, since the number of animals in the group has been increased by 2 times. However, by 18 months of age the live weight of heifers in the experimental group has reached the live weight of heifers in the control group, while they had a higher average daily gain by 45,1 g (P < 0,05). Further, the heifers of the experimental group were superior to the heifers of the control group. It has been established that the loose-boxes method of housing allows to increase labour productivity and accordingly the effi ciency of milk production.

No abstract

No abstract