The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity to generalize the problems of implementation of the right to a fair trial faced by various states in connection with quarantine restrictions, as well as the experience of the administration of justice under martial law. This made it possible to establish a common understanding of the right to a fair trial within the borders of the Council of Europe member states, as well as the means of solving the issue of justice by the Ukrainian authorities in the conditions of the occupation and the military actions of the Russian army.

The aim of the research was to reveal the peculiarities of preventive activities carried out by law enforcement agencies in the countries of the European Union. Attention is paid to the known methods of preventive work carried out by the police of different countries, which make it possible to prevent crimes and arrest criminals when they are still preparing to commit a crime. In this regard, models of preventive activities used in continental European countries are described. The methodological basis of the research is presented in comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, method of interpretation, hermeneutic method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. In the conclusions attention is paid to the peculiarities of prevention applied by individual members of the European Union, in particular, the policy of prevention by the Polish police, in terms of recidivism of persons who have already committed crimes. This policy is developed by borrowing from the European experience, because in some countries the emphasis is on extending the powers of police officers, in others - on maximum interaction with the society involved to help implement some police functions.

The purpose of the article is to clarify the concept of “personal data” and identify a list of information that can be classified as personal, as well as to develop an algorithm to improve the legal protection of personal data in Ukraine and implementation of the European Court of Human Rights’(ECtHR) decisions into national legislation. The fundamental method of research of this issue is a comparative method. The article, based on the analysis of Ukrainian and European law and the ECtHR practice, presents a list of information that can be classified as personal, as well as proposed procedures for improving the legal mechanism of personal data protection in Ukraine and implementation of decisions ECtHR into national law. The list of data that can be classified as personal is not exhaustive, but will allow both lawyers and ordinary citizens to better navigate within the field of protection of personal rights and provide an opportunity to protect their rights in case of their violation. The legal grounds for the implementation and protection of personal data are identified. Further directions of the system of personal data protection improvement are outlined.