Open pit coal mining is a global problem, because mines occupy large areas that completely change the relief, dramatically affect ecosystems, as a result of which they lose most of their functions, and a significant part of the fertile soil degrades and becomes unsuitable for agricultural activities. In the presented work, the initial stage of soil formation was studied, the parameters of the granulometric composition of uneven-aged rocks of Donbas mine dumps, their nutritional regime, and the species composition of soil algae were studied. Samples were taken from three different-aged rock dumps of the mines: ˮSouth-Donbaska -3ˮ (rock storage for 40 years); ˮSouth-Donbaska -1ˮ (storage of rock for 52 years), ˮTrudovska №5 -bis (storage of rock for more than 100 years). The agrochemical parameters of the rock were determined in the samples: pH water , humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, particle size distribution. The determination of granulometric fractions of 0-20 cm layer of rock dumps of the mines shows, along with the age, a potential increase of the dump of fine fractions and a decrease in the fraction of stones from 83% in the dump of the South-Donbaska mine, and by 30 to 64.7% in the dump of the Trudovska No. 5-bis. The proportion of the clay fraction is not high in all dumps and it does not exceed 1%, but its appearance indicates the initial stage of a soil structure formation. Soil formation begins with the colonization of mineral rocks with soil algae. The species composition of soil algae, the quantitative accounting were determined by microscopy of a freshly selected soil sample and by cultural methods. Algae species were determined by determinants. In the rock dump, the structure of algal groups becomes more similar to, their structure in the background soils of the territory. The dominance of the representatives of Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta in the rock indicates the steppe process of soil formation. The data obtained contribute to the expansion of the ecological and biological understanding of the initial stages of the formation of soil cenoses.

The main purpose of the article is to substantiate the restrictive content of a sustainable development concept and to show how it is implemented in the theoretical foundations of the agriculture. Today, the initial restrictive content of the concept has changed beyond recognition in a continued large-scale consumption of natural resources. Consequently, the very concept of sustainability requires clarification. It is necessary to look for its signs in natural ecosystems, where the main indicator is life itself, maintained by the biosphere in a state of stable dynamic equilibrium. Introducing monoculture, people deliberately impoverish biodiversity in agroecosystems, by transforming natural into agro-landscapes. Adaptive technologies could be the means to achieve a stable balance. In that case, the mechanisms of matter-energy metabolism in agroecosystems will be closer to the biosphere. The article lays out a set of measures through which the use of nature can be closer to general scientific ideas of sustainability.

к.с.-г.н., Уманський національний університет садівництва Василенко О.В. -к.с.-г.н., доцент, Уманський національний університет садівництва У статті наведено результати досліджень впливу тривалого застосування різних систем удобрення та різних доз добрив на зміну у структурі калійного фонду чорнозему опідзоленого Правобережного Лісостепу України. Досліджено зміну різних форм калію залежно від удобрення та за профілем ґрунту. Проаналізовано залежності легкорозчинних форм калію від рухомих та рухомих від необмінно-гідролізованих сполук калію. З отриманих даних можна зробити висновок, що калійний фонд чорнозему опідзоленого зазнає помітних змін за тривалого систематичного внесення мінеральних і органічних добрив. Ключові слова: чорнозем опідзолений, калійний фонд, сполуки калію, система удобрення, мінеральні добрива. Никитина О.В., Василенко О.В. Исследование агроэкологического влияния длительного применения удобрений на калийный фонд чернозема оподзоленного В статье приведены результаты исследований влияния длительного применения различных систем и доз удобрений на изменение в структуре калийного фонда чернозема оподзоленного Правобережной Лесостепи Украины. Исследованы изменения различных форм калия в зависимости от удобрений и по профилю почвы. Проанализированы зависимости легкорастворимых форм калия от подвижных и подвижных от необменно-гидролизованных соединений калия. Из полученных данных можно сделать вывод о том, что калийный фонд чернозема оподзоленного претерпевает заметные изменения при длительном систематическом внесении минеральных и органических удобрений. Ключевые слова: чернозем оподзоленный, калийный фонд, соединения калия, система удобрений, минеральные удобрения. Nikitina O.V., Vasylenko O.V. Investigation of the agro-ecological effect of long-term use of fertilizers on the potassium fund of podzolic chernozemThe article presents the results of research on the influence of the prolonged use of various systems and fertilizer doses on the change of the structure of the potassium basin of podzolic chernozem Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Changes in various forms of potassium, dependent on fertilizers and soil profile were investigated. The dependences of readily soluble forms of potassium on moving and moving from non-exchange-hydrolyzed potassium compounds are analyzed. From the data obtained, we can conclude that the potassium fund of podzolic chernozem undergoes noticeable changes with the long systematic application of mineral and organic fertilizers.Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Відомі численні дослідження основних чинників, що контролюють режим калійного живлення рослин, поведінку калію у ґрунті, його здатність до необмінної сорбції калію тощо [3, с. 35; 5, с. 14]. Встановлено, що у ґрунтовому профілі стан і режим калію тісно пов'язані з мінералогічним і гранулометричним складом ґрунтоутворювальних порід, їхными фізико-хімічними властивостями.Аналіз профільного розподілу форм калію показує, що чітко проявляється двочленна диференціація ґрунтової товщі за вмістом обмінного й осо...

Purpose. The main goal of the authors was to prove the suitability of the concept of noosphere ecosystems to interpret not only ecological phenomena and processes, but also phenomena of socio-natural content, and, subsequently, possibly geopolitical processes, in particular, spatial expansion of certain ethnic groups. Methods. In the course of our research a set of methodological approaches and scientific methods was used. The set of methods includes: empirical, which was implemented in the sequential implementation of the following operations: observation, modeling, forecasting; comparative – was implemented while comparing the main functions of natural and agroecosystems. Results. The formation of agricultural areas is the second stage in the transformation of natural ecosystems into agroecosystems. The main assumption of our work is the possibility of the existence of an agricultural system that has a dual character of borders. Our assumption was tested on the territory of Kharkiv region – one of the most developed agricultural territories of Ukraine. Based on the assumption that soil is both a condition and a result of human agricultural activity, as well as the fact that it connects natural and economic boundaries of agroecosystems in space-time, we calculated the balance of matter in the soil and coefficient of ecological danger. Mapping the values ​​of the coefficient of ecological danger showed that out of 429 farms in the region, only 7 farms have values ​​of the coefficient more than 1. This means that under the conditions of intensive agriculture there is a constant shortage of matter and energy, which leads to a negative balance of humus in the soil. According to the author's concept, one of the main causes of environmental problems lies in the different rates of development of nature and society. Conclusions. The “memory” of the former structurally and informationally unchanging biosphere is embedded in agroecosystems. According to modern notions of rhizome, such a memory is soil. Such “memory” at the level of agroecosystems provides self-regulation of the “human ecosystem” through both direct regulation of the human population (disease, war) and indirect impact on planetary spatial structures. In particular, due to the preservation of certain proportions between the territories with “naturalized” and “commodity” economy.

At present, the problem of the availability of high-quality fresh water is urgent. The reservoirs from which water is extracted are running low. The amount of fresh water on the planet has decreased significantly in recent years. A big problem for the use of fresh water is its pollution. Groundwater remained relatively clean, but even when used, it needs to be controlled. Goal of research was the quality control of water from ponds and water sources in the National Dendrological Park (NDP) "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine in terms of physicochemical and bacteriological indicators and a study of the park's hydrosystem. When conducting research, potentiometric, gravimetric, titrimetric, colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods were used. The hydrosystem of the NDP "Sofiyivka" of the NAS of Ukraine, created during the period of its foundation, has basically retained its planning forms and all its artificial structures. The water system is an important environmental factor that contributes to the quality development of plants, and also has an aesthetic value. The analysis of the results of a study of the physicochemical and bacteriological composition of drinking water from the studied water catchments showed that the water is safe for consumption in terms of such indicators as the content of sulfates, nitrites, chlorides, but contains a significant amount of nitrates and has a high hardness, which can contribute to the development of a number of diseases. Long-term consumption of such water will have a negative impact on the human body. In all water samples from the capture, the growth of common coliforms in 100 cm 3 and the presence of Escherichia coli were found, which is dangerous when drinking unboiled water and can bring to intestinal infectious diseases. According to the obtained experimental results of the quality of the studied water samples from the Krasnostavsky, Upper and Lower ponds of the NDP "Sofiyivka" NAS of Ukraine, the general physical and chemical indicators fully comply with the established standards, but the results of studies of the ponds in terms of bacteriological indicators, namely the index of lactose-positive E. coli indicate their significant excess and noncompliance with the standards in the Krasnostavsky and Verkhny ponds by 48 and 12 times, respectively.