BackgroundFindings regarding early residential mobility and increased risk for socioemotional and behavioural (SEB) difficulties in preschool children are mixed, with some studies finding no evidence of an association once known covariates are controlled for. Our aim was to investigate residential mobility and SEB difficulties in a population cohort of New Zealand (NZ) children.MethodsData from the Integrated Data Infrastructure were examined for 313 164 children born in NZ since 2004 who had completed the Before School Check at 4 years of age. Residential mobility was determined from address data. SEB difficulty scores were obtained from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire administered as part of the Before School Check.ResultsThe prevalence of residential mobility was 69%; 12% of children had moved ≥4 times. A linear association between residential mobility and increased SEB difficulties was found (B=0.58), which remained robust when controlling for several known covariates. Moves >10 km and moving to areas of higher socioeconomic deprivation were associated with increased SEB difficulties (B=0.08 and B=0.09, respectively), while residential mobility before 2 years of age was not. Children exposed to greater residential mobility were 8% more likely to obtain SEB difficulties scores of clinical concern than children exposed to fewer moves (adjusted OR 1.08).ConclusionThis study found a linear association between residential mobility and increased SEB difficulties in young children. This result highlights the need to consider residential mobility as a risk factor for SEB difficulties in the preschool years.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As outcomes for extremely premature infants improve, up-todate, large-scale studies are needed to provide accurate, contemporary information for clinicians, families, and policy makers. We used nationwide New Zealand data to explore the impact of gestational age on health and educational outcomes through to adolescence.

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(Abstracted from Pediatrics 2018;142(5):e20181016) Advances in perinatal medicine over the last 20 years have improved survival for preterm infants; however, with increasing survival, more information is needed about the long-term impact of preterm birth, particularly in periviable infants (gestation <25 weeks and/or birth weight <500 g). Other large cohort studies have examined the morbidity and mortality experienced by extremely preterm infants and have described increased hospital readmissions, impacts on behavior and academic performance at school, and other early childhood effects, but they have not considered the longer-term consequences or were performed during a different era of perinatal care.