L’étude vise à vérifier si le système éducatif de la Belgique francophone engendre, comme son homologue canadien, des variations d’attribution causale en fonction des filières d’études universitaires. Il s’agit de comparer des étudiants en sociologie à des étudiants en gestion, à différents moments du cursus, sous l’angle de leurs attributions en matière de chômage et de pauvreté. Les résultats, identiques en fin du secondaire, quel que soit le futur domaine d’études, témoignent, à l’université, de différences significatives, qui ne sont toutefois imputables qu’aux variations inhérentes au niveau d’études en sociologie. Chez les étudiants, l’évaluation des influences perçues des pairs, professeurs et matières enseignées montre que ces indicateurs entretiennent très peu de relations avec la différenciation des attributions. Diverses pistes d’investigation complémentaire sont, dès lors, suggérées.This study examines whether the francophone Belgian educational system produces, as that of Canada, variations in causal attribution according to field of university study. The authors present a comparison between students in sociology and those in administration at different programme levels regarding their attributions for unemployment and poverty. While there are no differences in views between students at the end of secondary high school level regardless of which future area of study is chosen, these results show that there are significant differences that are linked only to the course level in the sociology programme. For students, an evaluation of the perceived influence of peers, professors and course content shows that these factors have little value in explaining attribution differences. Various directions for further investigations are proposed.El estudio tiene como objetivo verificar si el sistema educativo de Bélgica francoparlante engendra, como su homólogo canadiense, variaciones de atribución causal en función de las carreras universitarias. Se trata de comparar estudiantes de sociología con estudiantes de gestión, en diferentes momentos de sus respectivas carreras, bajo el ángulo de sus atribuciones en materia de desempleo y pobreza. Los resultados, idénticos al fin de los estudios secundarios, independientemente del sector de estudios, revelan, a nivel universitario, diferencias significativas, las cuales son imputables a variaciones relativas del nivel de estudios en sociología. En los estudiantes, la evaluación de las influencias percibidas de pares, profesores y materias enseñadas, muestra que estos indicadores están poco relacionados con la diferenciación de las atribuciones. A partir de esto, se sugieren diferentes pistas de investigación.In diesem Beitrag soll nachgewiesen werden, ob das Erziehungssystem in Belgien ähnlich wie in Kanada bestimmte Einstellungsvarianten hervorbringt, die in kausalem Zusammenhang zur Fächerwahl beim Universitätsstudium stehen. Es ging darum, Soziologiestudenten mit Studenten der Betriebswirtschaft in verschiedenen Studienphasen unter dem Blickwinkel ihrer Einstellungen ...
Frohlich and Oppenheimer's works aim to study empirically Rawls' philosophy. They replicate the original position, using a veil of ignorance covering the subjects' deliberations. This should provide empirical data usable by philosophers, a claim discussed here: Rawls' foundationalism precludes a genuine opening of his philosophy to empirical data. On the other hand, Rawls' distinction between natural and moral justice attitudes sheds light on the deterministic metaphysics indirectly required by the Rawlsian sense of justice. This leads to the question of the empirical feasibility of the theory: is doing without preinstitutional meritocratic attitudes humanly possible? Studies investigating the influence of socialization on causal attribution suggest that the feeling of free will is not a fundamental need of the human mind.
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