Entrepreneurship is a process of creating value by bringing together a unique package of resources to exploit entrepreneurship opportunities. The importance of entrepreneurial activities in society has been acknowledged in the entrepreneurship literature. It has been suggested that entrepreneurial strategies, in terms of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), contribute greatly to entrepreneurship performance (Lumpkin & Dess, 1996;Miller, 1987; Reynolds, 2000). EO is often mentioned as an antecedent of firm growth, competitive advantage, and superior performance. Prior research confirms that a positive relationship exists between EO and firm performance (Wiklund & Shepherd, 2005;Wang, 2008; Runyan, 2008). The success of enterprises are dependent on EO and a range of other factors including age, gender, culture, education, managerial know-how, length of time, size of enterprise, capital, and network connection.Three disciplines have provided primary contributions to the theoretical development of entrepreneurial orientation (EO). These are economics, social psychology, and strategic management (Mitchell et al., 2002). EO refers to the strategy-making processes and styles of a firm that engage in entrepreneurial activities. There are two schools of thought on EO: the Unidimensional School with three dimensions (proactiveness, risk-taking, and innovativeness) and the multidimensional school with five dimensions (innovativeness, risk-taking, autonomy, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness).An overview of the entrepreneurial literature shows that there has been little focus on the influence of EO on migrant enterprises. Therefore, the objective of this study will be to examine the relationship between five dimensions of EO and entrepreneurial performance. The study will also assess the moderating influence of environment (environmental characteristics) on the EO-performance relationship. Keywords: Migrants, Migrant enterprises, Migrant entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship, Environment, Business performance Rationale of the StudyAn overview of the entrepreneurial literature shows that there has been little focus on the influence of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on migrant enterprises. Therefore, this identified gap will be the focus of this study. The study will use the multidimensional model of EO to evaluate a series of questions pertaining to the influence of EO on the performance of migrant small and medium businesses as well as environmental effects on the EO-firm performance relationship. Data will be collected via interview questions from 15-20 migrant small business owners.

This qualitative study seeks to enrich the understanding of migrants' perceived experience in running small businesses in Auckland, New Zealand. The study will also examine what motivated migrants into business, their experiences in labour market as well as the challenges they faced in running a business. The study focuses on African migrant small business owners excluding South Africans as this population has been extensively researched and documented Warren, 2003). The theoretical foundation of the study rests on labour disadvantage and cultural theories. In-depth open ended face-to face interviews between 11-20 participants selected through purposive sampling will be used to collect data. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse data collected.

Entrepreneurship is an important concept in both developing and developed societies today. Although there is no consensus on the definition of entrepreneurship, it is believed to be a process of creating value by bringing together a unique package of resources to exploit entrepreneurship opportunities (Morris, 2002). This study aims to discover the economic contributions and challenges of immigrant entrepreneurs to their host country, and focuses on African small business owners in Auckland, New Zealand. Literature on immigrant entrepreneurship was reviewed, resulting in a discussion of the economic contributions of immigrant entrepreneurship as well as its challenges. Data was collected using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, observation and field notes as the sources of inquiry. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 17 participants. All participants were African immigrant small business owners running businesses in Auckland. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected (Braun & Clarke, 2006).

This study examines the impact of customer feedback channels on customer satisfaction, the need to design a new feedback channel using artificial intelligence (AI) as a goods locator map and internal survey model in the supermarket industry. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from customers in supermarkets. Descriptive statistics and correlations were used to analyse the collected data sets to attain a statistically supported conclusion. The research found customer feedback service channels impacted on customers’ satisfaction. Customers were not satisfied with the rate of responsiveness to their feedback. The study designed and proposed a customer feedback service channel with AI as an alternative to existing feedback channels. It concluded that an AI designed system should be developed and implemented in supermarkets to test the intended outcome of the feedback channels and to design a robust system as a goods locator map and internal survey model.

Intense competition has made it critical for airlines to retain its highly capable staff by ensuring the highest job satisfaction of its employees. This competition has resulted from the emergence of budget airlines focussed on a niche market. To provide a differentiated passenger experience whilst flying with airlines, the management should ensure that all the staff, including ground level and cabin crew, who are the initial contact point with customers are highly satisfied in terms of their job roles. The study evaluates human resource (HR) factors affecting job satisfaction with a given (anonymous) airline. A detailed study and analysis of major factors contributing to job satisfaction in the said airline was carried out. In analysing the relationship and current level of job satisfaction, the study uses a quantitative approach, with primary data obtained from questionnaires completed by employees in one of the airlines. Further, the study has identified independent variables as being financial rewards and recognition, training and development, and work environment. Statistical tools, such as correlation and regression analysis, are used to evaluate the responses from questionnaires and to provide significance of the independent variables contributing to job satisfaction.