Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important cool-season food legume grown extensively by the poor farmers throughout the Indian subcontinent. In India chickpea is being grown in 8.32 million hectare with production of 9.8 million tones and 925 -kg/ha productivity (Project coordinators report, 2014-15). The Dry root rot (DRR) of chickpea caused by necrotropic fungus Rhizoctonia bataticola. During the past few decades, modern techniques such as mutation breeding by radiation and chemical mutagens and genetic engineering methodology have been tried to develop resistant cultivars of many crop plants. The utilization of mutation breeding is a simple, less cost full and time saving method. Present investigation entitled "Radiation induced mutation for resistance against Rhizoctonia bataticola in chickpea (Cicer arietinum Linn.)" was aimed at identification of suitable mutant or a combination of mutants influencing resistance to dry root rot in chickpea. The experimental material was consisted of the population of three selected cultivars of chickpea (JG 63, JG 74, and JG 130) grown in randomized complete block design in the Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Jabalpur (M.P) under AICRP on chickpea project during Rabi 2014-15. Dry seeds (10-12% moisture content) of these varieties were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays (150Gy, 200Gy and 400 GY). Another set of presoaked seeds in distilled water (12hrs.) were treated with ethyl methane sulphonate at different concentration (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) prepared for 6 hrs. A portion of seeds irradiated at 150 and 200 GY gammaray doses were also treated with 0.3% and 0.4% EMS independently for 6 hrs. present findings revealed that JG 63, JG 74, JG 130 showed significant reaction for mutagenic treatments i.e, 200Gy, 400Gy, 0.3% EMS, 0.4% EMS, 150Gy+0.3% EMS, 200Gy+0.3% EMS. Among 11 treatments, 7 have shown effect on biological traits of experimental genotypes i.e. change in seedling height, decrease in germination percentage and decrease in plant height as compared to control. K e y w o r d sRhizoctonia bataticola, Gammaray, EMS, Cicer arietinum L

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On the basis of Socio Economic Status of farmers records, technical trainings to Farmers and knowing the constraints of farmers faced during last years, an experiment was conducted in the year 2017 and 2018 Kharif season with four soybean verieties namely JS 20-29, JS 97-52, RVS 2001-4 and JS20-69 in four replications with control plot. Personal contact with farmers indicated that majority of farmers (60%)came under small land holders categories having only 3.0 ha cultivated area whereas 13.33% farmer occupied > 10ha cultivated areas considered large land holding farmers. More than 57% young farmers having age below 35 years seriously engaged in agricultural work than old age (>50years) whose interest was 26.66% followed by middle age groups ( 35-50years). As for as educational level was concerned, 56% respondents were of medium category having education between 10 th to higher secondary. Nearly 29% respondents had high qualification (Graduate and above) level while14% were of low educational level. Majority of respondents (78%) was engaged in Agricultural enterprise followed by horticulture+ (14.64%) and dairy (6.66%). Incidence of both diseases was also varied from variety to variety of soybean. Highest incidence of yellow mosaic disease was found in RVS2001-4(8.79%) followed by JS20-29 (5.57%) and JS97-52 (2.32%) whereas no incidence was observed in JS 20-69. It was observed that YMV affected plant either unable to bear the flowers and fruits (pods) or very few pods appear but dried prematurely. Results revealed that RVS2001-4 affected maximum (14.15%) with charcoal rot infection than JS20- 29 in comparison to JS97-52 whereas minimum incidence was recorded in JS20-69. Control plot affected more severely than demonstration and it was due to none application of trichoderma in seed and soil treatment. Among the soybean entries JS 2069 gave more yield (17.39q/ha ) followed by RVS2001-4 (14.57q/ha) in compassion to JS20-29 and JS97-52).Timely application of bioagent and chemical pesticides for seed/soil treatment plus spray and change of knowledge through technical training to the farmers during crop period play an important role in managed the diseases and enhanced the soybean productivity. The ratio of yield increased was 15.73% to32.04% over control. A training was organized after harvested of the crop to know the major constraints and observed that 94.66 per cent respondents were face difficulties recording lack of knowledge for identification of beneficial and damager pests followed by unavailability of quality bio-pesticides (93.33%) such as trichoderma, NPV, Bavaria basiyana and bio-fertilizers (81.33%) at local level for pests and diseases management. Besides above problems, unavailability of trained labours (78.66%), quality seed (68% ), rate of wages and problems of storage were also the important and time needed constraints.

Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris), dry root rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola) and collar rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) are the major soil-borne diseases of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) prevalent across the country and causing substantial yield losses. Field experiments were conducted at eight different hot spot locations of these diseases belonging to six states namely, New Delhi (Delhi), Indore, Sehore and Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), Badnapur (Maharashtra), Junagadh (Gujarat), Samba (Jammu and Kashmir) and Durgapura (Rajasthan) to evaluate and validate the performance of Pusa 5SD (a novel seed dressing formulation developed from Trichoderma harzianum) alone and in combination with fungicide along with recommended fungicidal seed treatment against wilt and root rots of chickpea under AICRP Chickpea during 2010 to 2013 crop seasons. Seed treatment with Pusa 5SD (T. harzianum) alone and in combination with Vitavax power (carboxin + thiram) proved to be effective for the management of wilt and root rots at different locations. A combination of seed treatment with Pusa 5SD and Vitavax power (carboxin + thiram) provided the lowest disease incidence (12.2%) along with the highest grain yield (1053.3 kg/ha). Cardendazim (Bavistin) + Tetra methyl thiuram disulphide (thiram) and Vitavax power also reduced the diseases incidence (13.0%) and enhanced the grain yield (998.2 kg/ha) of chickpea. The bio-formulation Pusa 5SD showed effectiveness across the locations and varieties against wilt, dry root rot and collar rot of chickpea.