Purpose This paper aims to propose a new lector-based domino and examine it with inputs and clock signal combination in a 45-nm dual-threshold footerless domino circuit for reduced leakage current. Design/methodology/approach In this technique, p-type and n-type leakage control transistors (LCTs) are introduced between pull-up and pull-down networks, and the gate of one is controlled by the source of the other. A high-threshold transistor is used in the input for reducing gate oxide leakage current, which becomes dominant in nanometre technology. Simulations were based on a 45-nm BISM 4 model using an HSPICE simulator for proposed domino circuits. Findings The result shows that CHIL (clock high and input low) state is ineffective for lowering leakage current and the conventional CHIH (clock high and input high) state is only effective to suppress the leakage at low temperature for wide fan-in domino circuits. At high temperature, CLIL (clock low and input low) state is preferable to reduce the leakage current for low fan-in domino, but for high fan-in domino, CHIH state is preferred. The proposed circuit technique for AND2, OR2, OR4 and OR8 circuits reduces the active power consumption by 50.94 to 75.68 per cent and by 64.85 to 86.57 per cent at low and high die temperatures, respectively, when compared to the standard dual-threshold voltage domino logic circuits. Originality/value The research proposes a new leakage reduction technique used in domino circuits and also evaluates the state for leakage reduction which can be used for low-power dynamic circuits.

In the present work a systematic study has been presented in the context of the existence of libration points, their linear stability, the regions of motion where the third particle can orbit and the domain of basins of convergence linked to libration points in the spatial configuration of the collinear restricted four-body problem with non-spherical primaries (i.e., the primaries are oblate or prolate spheroid). The parametric evolution of the positions of the libration points as function of the oblateness and prolateness parameters of the primaries and the stability of these points in linear sense are illustrated numerically. Moreover, the numerical investigation shows that the only libration points which lie on either of the axes are linearly stable for several combinations of the oblateness parameter and mass parameter whereas the non-collinear libration points are found linearly unstable, consequently unstable in nonlinear sense also, for

The fractal basins of convergence (BoC) linked with the equilibrium points are explored in the (N + 1)− body ring problem under the effect of small perturbations in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces when the bodies are sources of radiation. The evolution of the positions and the stability of the libration points and the possible regions of motion are determined as the function of mass parameter, the Coriolis, and centrifugal and radiation parameters. In addition, the parametric variation of the effect of the small perturbations in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces on the stability of the equilibrium points are also illustrated numerically. The multivariate version of the Newton–Raphson(NR) iterative method is used to analyze the effect of the radiation parameters and mass parameter on the topology of the BoC.

A rigorous analysis of hexagonal slot with electromagnetically coupled parasitic element is presented in this article. The wide band feature of the antenna highly depends on the shape and location of the parasitic element and tuning stub. It is found that tuning and overlapping of resonating modes at lower frequency band are mainly achieved by parasitic element. The proposed antenna exhibits the bandwidth of 120.83% from 1.45 to 5.8 GHz for S 11 < −10 dB. The parameters of the antenna and circuit model are studied. The role of individual resonators in circuit modeling is also explained. Series of equations for lower cutoff frequency and other resonating frequencies are deduced after inspecting the surface current distribution. At frequencies 2.27, 4.17, and 5.2 GHz, the simulated and measured far fields are compared.

In this paper we have analyzed and simulated Frequency Division Spectrum Sensing (FDSS) in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) for Nakagami fading channel. The simulation results shows that for different values of Nakagami Parameters (m) the performance of the FDSS is different. As the value of Nakagami parameter (m) increases probability of false alarm decreases, probability of detection increases and secondary user"s throughput also increases. The simulation results show that for the optimum spectrum sensing bandwidth (W s ) 0.5 MHz, the false alarm probability decreases by 49.6% and 96.6% for m=2 and m=5 respectively as compare to m=1, the probability of detection increases by 6% and 17.7% for m=2 and m=5 respectively as compare to m=1, the secondary user throughput increases by 14% and 29.1% for m=2 and m=5 respectively as compare to m=1.