COVID-19 is a rapidly growing pandemic with its first case identified during December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Due to the rampant rise in the number of cases in China and globally, WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. The disease is transmitted via respiratory droplets of infected patients during coughing or sneezing and affects primarily the lung parenchyma. The spectrum of clinical manifestations can be seen in COVID-19 patients ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease resulting in mortality. Although respiratory involvement is most common in COVID-19 patients, the virus can affect other organ systems as well. The systemic inflammation induced by the disease along with multisystem expression of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor which allows viral entry into cells, explains the manifestation of extra-pulmonary symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hematological, renal, musculoskeletal, and endocrine system. Here, we have reviewed the extensive literature available on COVID-19 about various clinical presentations based on the organ system involved as well as clinical presentation in specific population including children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised patients. We have also briefly discussed about the Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome occurring in children and adults with COVID-19. Understanding the various clinical presentations can help clinicians diagnose COVID-19 in an early stage and ensure appropriate measures to be undertaken in order to prevent further spread of the disease.
Background: Subacute Thyroiditis is a self-limiting thyroidal illness caused by viral infection with clinical course divided into three phases: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism followed by euthyroidism. Several viral infections have been linked to be associated with subacute thyroiditis but often no etiology can be found. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore a possible link between subacute thyroiditis and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Method: Here we describe a case of subacute thyroiditis which occurred during the recovery phase of initial flu like illness. The initial illness was mild and was treated symptomatically. Later, the patient presented with features of hyperthyroidism and neck pain during recovery of initial flu like illness. Result: Two weeks after the onset of initial illness, the patient presented with neck pain, palpitation, sweating, and weight loss along with mid-line tenderness in neck. Thyroid function test revealed suppressed TSH and elevated free T4 along with reduced uptake on radionuclide thyroid scan. He was treated with NSAIDs and B-blocker which resulted in dramatic improvement in neck pain. Conclusion: Since Subacute thyroiditis is a self limiting disorder, it is often under reported. But It is important to recognize the disorder as it can directly impact on the morbidity and mortality related to other associated primary disorder like respiratory illness. Clinician must be aware about the possibility of thyroiditis in patient developing fever and neck pain and look for it.
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