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The next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) is an astronomical observatory planned to operate at centimeter wavelengths (25 to 0.26 centimeters, corresponding to a frequency range extending from 1.2 GHz to 116 GHz). The observatory will be a synthesis radio telescope constituted of approximately 214 reflector antennas each of 18 meters diameter, operating in a phased or interferometric mode.We provide an overview of the current system design of the ngVLA. The concepts for major system elements such as the antenna, receiving electronics, and central signal processing are presented. We also describe the major development activities that are presently underway to advance the design.

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This paper presents a V^-band high-resolution radar sensor for short-range applications. Low-cost technologies have been properly selected in order to implement a versatile and easily scalable radar system. A large operational bandwidth of 9 GHz, required for obtaining high-range resolution, is attained by means of a frequency multiplication-based architecture. The system characterization to identify the performance-limiting stages and the subsequent design optimization are presented. The assessment of system performance for several representative applications has been carried out. Index Terms-Continuous-wave linear-frequency modulated (CW-LFM), high-resolution radar (HRR), micro-Doppler, millimeter wave, radar imaging. TABLE I OVERVIEW OF W-BAND RADAR SYSTEMS fc (GHz) Waveform Iluggard et al. L12J 94.0275 Sawtooth chirp Guldogan et al. [6] 77 Sawtooth chirp Brooker et al. [19] 94 Sawtooth chirp Rangwala et al. [20] 94.75 Sawtooth chirp Johannes et al. [3] 94 Sawtooth chirp Van Caekenberghe et al. [21] 94 OFDM Essen et al. [4] 94 Sawtooth chirp/SF Hantscher et al. [22] 97.5 Kapilevich et al. [23] 94 Sawtooth chirp Present system 100 Sawtooth chirp Gorka Rubio-Cidre received the B.Sc. degree in telecommunication systems engineering from the

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