Aim:The aim of this study is to investigate whether nitric oxide (NO)-mediated colonic motility was altered in rat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model, using different isoforms of NO-synthase (NOS) inhibitors.Materials and Methods:The animal model of IBS-like visceral hypersensitivity was induced by intra-colonic infusion of 0.5% acetic acid (AA) in saline once daily from postnatal days 8 to 21. Control animals received saline instead of AA. Experiments were performed at the end of 8 weeks. Distal colon tissues were resected and direct effects of different NOS inhibitors; N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, (L-NAME), ARL-17477 dihydrochloride hydrate (ARL 17477), N-[3-(Aminomethyl) phenyl] methyl]-ethanimidamidedihydrochloride (1400 W), and N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine dihydrochloride (L-NIO) were evaluated concentration-dependently in vitro tissue bath. Besides, morphology of both groups was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and the impact of NO antibodies was determined using the immunohistochemical method.Results:The mean pressure values of spontaneous contractions and KCL (80 mmol/L) responses of distal colonic segments were similar in normal and IBS rats. L-NAME and ARL-17477 significantly increased the mean pressure of spontaneous colonic contractions in normal rats versus own base values (P < 0.05), but this increase did not significantly different when compared to IBS rats. In H and E staining, there was no difference with regard to morphology between two groups. Neuronal NOS (nNOS) immunoreactivity was found to be significantly decreased in IBS when compared to control groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion:L-NAME and ARL-17477 mediated mean pressure values were found to be slightly decreased in IBS rats. These findings may be related to a decrease in nNOS level in IBS.

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Öz Amaç: Türkiye'nin batı kenti İzmir'de yaşayan kadınlarda aşırı aktif mesane semptomlarının (AAMS) prevalansını ve olası risk faktörlerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Validasyonu yapılmış Aşırı Aktif Mesane Semptom Skoru (OABSS) formunu içeren anket, katılımcılarla yüz yüze görüşme ile ürologlar tarafından dolduruldu. AAMS prevalansı ve yaş, obezite, komorbidite, eğitim düzeyi, evlilik durumu ve doğum sayısı gibi AAMS'nin bağımsız olası risk faktörleri değerlendirildi. AAMS olan ve olmayan katılımcılar olası risk faktörleri açısından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza toplam 719 kadın dahil edildi ve AAMS prevalansı %42,8 idi. İdrar kaçırma ile birlikte olan AAMS prevalansı %69,2, idrar kaçırma birlikteliği olmaksızın AAMS prevalansı %30,8 olarak bulundu ve acil sıkışma hissi ile birlikte en sık görülen semptom noktüriydi. AAMS ile noktüri ve idrar kaçırma tipleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki vardı (r=0,363, p<0,001, r=0,568, p<0,001). Çok değişkenli analize göre AAMS için temel risk faktörleri obezite, hipertansiyon, diabetes mellitus, evlilik durumu ve düşük eğitim seviyesi idi. Sonuç: İzmir ilindeki yetişkin Türk kadınlarında AAMS prevalansı %42,8 idi. Obezite, hipertansiyon, diabetes mellitus, düşük eğitim ve evli kadınlar arasında AAMS ile anlamlı ilişki vardı. Anahtar Kelimeler: Aşırı aktif mesane semptomları, Prevalans, Risk faktörleri, İdrar kaçırma Objective: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and possible risk factors of overactive bladder symptoms (OABS) among women living in a western city of Turkiye, İzmir. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire and the validated Overactive Bladder Symptom Score were filled by urologists with face-to-face interview. The prevalence of OABS and independent possible risk factors of OABS such as age, obesity, systemic diseases, educational level, marital status and number of births were analyzed. The participants with OABS and without OABS were compared in terms of possible risk factors. Results: A total of 719 women were included and the prevalence of OABS was 42.8% in our study. The prevalence of OABS with urinary incontinence (UI) (OAB wet) was 69.2% and the prevalence of OABS without UI (OAB dry) was 30.8% and nocturia was the most common OABS besides urgency. There was a statistically significant association between OABS and presence of nocturia and UI types (r=0.363, p<0.001, r=0.568, p<0.001). The key risk factors for OABS according to multivariate analysis were obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, marital status and lower education level. Conclusion: The prevalence of OABS was 42.8% among adult Turkish women in the city of İzmir. Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lower education and being married were significantly related to OABS in women.

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<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to assess whether cigarette smoking weakens the pelvic floor and to determine its effective impact relative to other factors.</p><p><strong>Study Design:</strong> Between September 2017 and September 2018, 250 patients admitted to an outpatient gynecology clinic were examined by a single physician and their anamnesis was taken. As a result of the examination, the pelvic floor muscle strength was evaluated according to the Modified Oxford Scale and the patients evaluated as 1/5 and 2/5 were grouped as having weak muscle strength and the rest were grouped as having high muscle strength. The intention was then to compare these two groups. The SPSS 21.0 for Windows program was used to perform statistical evaluations. Comparative analysis was performed with regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> 250 women participated in the study. 4 patients had muscle strength of 1/5; while 40 patients had muscle strength of 2/5 (17.6%). Patients with muscle strength of 1/5 and 2/5 were grouped as weak muscle strength. Advanced age, increased parity, smoking, and obesity are risk factors for a decrease in pelvic floor muscle strength (p &lt; 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which of these factors has the greatest impact on pelvic floor muscle strength. Smoking has a 7-fold effect on decreased muscle strength (OR: 7.925) and obesity has a 5-fold impact (OR: 5.374).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Although the mechanism of the effect of cigarette smoking on the pelvic floor is not known, it should be remembered that this effect has an adverse impact together with other factors which also have proven detrimental effects.</p>