Objective. Comparing the effectiveness of vitamin B6 (40 mg twice daily) and ginger (250 mg four times daily) in treatment of pregnancy nausea. Methods. In a clinical trial in health centers of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences from November 2010 to February 2011 on pregnant mothers, the effects of vitamin B6 (40 mg twice daily) and ginger (250 mg four times daily) were evaluated in treatment of pregnancy nausea. Results. In both groups, treatments with vitamin B6 or ginger led to significant reduction in MPUQE score. Scores of symptoms at the day before treatment in vitamin B6 and ginger groups were 9.35 ± 1.97 and 9.80 ± 2.03, respectively, and reduced to 5.98 ± 1.45 and 6.28 ± 1.63, respectively, in the fourth day of treatment; however, mean changes in the two groups were not significantly different. Mean changes of MPUQE score in ginger and vitamin B6 groups were 8.32 ± 2.19 and 7.77 ± 1.80, respectively, showing no significant difference (P = 0.172). Conclusion. Vomiting was more reduced in vitamin B6 group; however, this reduction was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups in nausea occurrences and their duration. No side effect was observed in either group.

Problem statement: Acute bacterial meningitis is one of the most important causes of medical emergency diseases, which can cause high mortality and morbidity rates. Early antibiotic therapy is life saving in bacterial meningitis. One of the most common etiologies of acute meningitis is viral. Differentiation between bacterial and Aseptic meningitis is mandatory, which leads to avoid useless administration of antibiotics. Various diagnostic tests are available for diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis; one of these tests is serum procalcitonin. Approach: This survey is a descriptive crosssectional study. During a 2 year period 50 patients over 13 years old who were admitted to Sina and Emam Reza hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences with presumptive diagnosis of acute meningitis were selected. Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) procalcitonin of the patients were measured by semiquantative chromatographic PCT-Q Assay. Statistical data's of the patients were analyzed by SPSS 15. Results: 38% of the patients had acute bacterial and 62% aseptic meningitis, on the basis of positive clinical and lab tests. 0.5ng mL −1 of serum pricalcitonin was cut off point, which correlated to sensitivity of 100%, positive predictive value of 82.6%, specificity of 87.09% and negative predictive value of 100%. CSF procalcitonin cut off of 0.5ng mL −1 had sensitivity of 100% specificity of 84.21%, positive predictive value of 88.88% and negative predictive value of 90.62%. Conclusion: Serum procalcitonin cut off of 0.5 ng mL −1 has sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100%. This test can be a valuable measure in screening and differentiation of bacterial from aseptic meningitis.

Pain is the most common complaint in any kind of disorder. Despite its different nature, place and cause in various cases, pain is the main complaint of about half of the patients that are referred to physicians. Opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDS have been used for pain control many years ago, but these drugs also have some side effects. Regarding the complications and continuous pain in preoperative patients, some safe analgesics with better effects and little adverse effects are needed. Since many years ago in Iran, rose extract products are used in food production as jam and soft drink, and also in traditional medicine. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the effectiveness of preemptive prescription of rose extract in patients with elective cesarean sections (because of its little side effects) and compare its effects with placebo prescription. In a double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 92 patients had been studied in 2 equal groups. Group A were given rosehip extracts capsule and Group B were given placebo capsules. After preemptive prescription of Capsules A and B (15 min before anesthesia), the pain score was evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS) in varied hours after surgery in the ward, and then, the findings were analyzed. Analgesic drugs are needed for the palliation of post-operation pain. Total dosage of analgesics and the severity of pain in Group A at any time were lower than in Group B. There are no significant side effects in both groups. The initiation of breast feeding and its effects on newborns were same in both groups. According to our study, rosehip extract can be used in elective surgical patients without any significant side effects in order to improve pain and it is a more effective product when compared with NSAIDS and opiates.

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Problem statement:Bacterial meningitis is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity. Rapid diagnosis of bacterial cause is very important and critical, because early antibiotic therapy prevents complications; different tests have been developed for rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. One of them is CSF ferritin, which is evaluated in this study. Approach: During cross sectional study from 2008-2009 for 2 years, CSF was collects from 61 adults suspected to have meningitis. These patients admitted to Emam Reza and Sina hospitals of Tabriz. CSF was analyzed for ferritin, glucose, protein, cell count, culture and gram stains. Clinical data's were collected for all patients. Collected data's were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: From 61 specimens, 19 cases had bacterial, 19 cases had aseptic meningitis and 23 cases had no criteria for diagnosis of meningitis. CSF ferritin in bacterial meningitis was 231.63 ± 61.26 ng dL −1 that was significantly higher, than that of aseptic meningitis group. Cut off value for ferritin was estimated 155ng dL −1 with sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 21.7% in this study. Symptoms such as levels of consciousness, fever and seizure were not considered as a criteria for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (p>0.05). But symptoms such as headache, nausa, vomiting and neck stefness were significantly higher in bacterial and aseptic groups than no meningitis group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study CSF ferritin in bacterial meningitis group was significantly higher than aseptic meningitis group. But due to low specificity of CSF ferritin for differentiation of bacterial from aseptic meningitis, we don't recommend performance of this test in early phase of meningitis course.