Global food security has been disturbed by global climatic changes and increasing human population around the world. Heat stress is one of most imperative abiotic stress factors that limit barley productivity and production. Herein, three different field screening locations were carried out at Sakha, Mallawi and New-valley research stations, to identify the phenotypic and the genotypic diversity of ten Egyptian barley cultivars during two consecutive seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 under different temperatures degrees. phenotypic diversity was evaluated by using some agrophysiological and grain quality characters which were contributing to yield under heat stress. Genotypic diversity was evaluated by using Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers as molecular identification. The results showed that high temperature enhancement all the cultivars to accelerate flowering by an average (11.39 %) and induce proline content, catalases, peroxidase enzyme active, crude protein content to increasing by average values (79.95, 40.74, 76.42 and 8.20%) respectively. However, it had a negative effect on the remaining characters. Giza 124, Giza 134, Giza 138, and Giza 132 gave high mean performance values of all measured characters being considered as heat tolerance cultivars. Ten SRAP combination primers were used where the percentage of polymorphism for each primer combination varied from 50.0% (me2+em5) to 83.3% (me5+em1). The highest polymorphism information content (PIC) was related to primer me5+em1 (0.399), indicating that this primer is highly informative to be used the barley genetic diversity for heat stress tolerance. A cluster heatmap showed that the ten barley cultivars were clustered into two main clusters, each cluster includes the most closed cultivars together due to their response to heat stress, which could be used as a source in future barley breeding programs for heat stress.

Efficiency of nitrog en fi xation by ly sogenic and non -ly sogeni c isolates of Rhiz obium nodul ated Se sbani a aeg yptica ABSTRACT:Six Sesbania nodulating rhizobia designated as (RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4, RS5, and RS6) isolated from El-Garbia and El-Menoufia governorates were characterized. These isolates were fast growing Rhizobium and produced Indole acetic acid with different concentrations. Furthermore, all these isolates were varied in their response to different concentrations of NaCl and Intrinsic antibiotic resistance pattern. Lysogenicity in the isolated Sesbania nodulating rhizobia was tested. One lysogenic isolate RS2 (RSL) was identified among the tested six Sesbania Rhizobium, this isolate produced turbid plaques. Single plaque was picked and propagated and designated as (ϕB5). Electron microscopy results suggested that ϕB5 belong to family Myoviridae having icosahedral head (65.27 ± 5.09 nm), long contractile tail (91.4 ± 1.3, 17.93 ± 1.25 nm) and neck (21.0 ± 1.3, 4.2 ± 0.0 nm) and has approximately 23.5 Kbp of dsDNA. Further incubation time of lytic area performed by plating of RSL with ϕB5 lead to appearance of resistant Rhizobium colony (RP5). This purified colony was non-lysogenic Rhizobium. The symbiotic interaction of RSL (phage sensitive) and RP5 (phage resistance) was studied using Sesbania aegyptica as a host in presence and absence of phages. Assay of symbiotic efficiency based on nodule number, nitrogenase activity, dry weight and total nitrogen of shoot system was detected. Symbiotic effectiveness in phage resistant nonlysogenic isolate was higher than in lysogenic phage sensitive isolate in presence of phages in soil. The present study showed a significant relationship between the phage sensitivity and symbiotic efficiency of the isolated Rhizobium. KEY WORDS:Nitrogen fixation, lysogenic and non-lysogenic isolates, Rhizobium nodulated Sesbania aegyptica CORRESP ONDENCE: E m an A . M. H at em Botany department,

A field experiment was conducted during two successive winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Giza Experimental Farm of the Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt, to study the effect of different sowing patterns on the productivity and water use efficiency of some lentil cultivar. Three lentil cultivars i.e. Sinai 1, Giza 29 and Giza 51 were planted with different sowing patterns as follows: Broadcast, Drilling(Rows); on ridges Furrow 50 cm, on ridges Furrow 75 cm and on ridges Furrow 100 cm. The following traits were studied: (1) Growth characters (2) Yield and yield components, (3) Irrigation water use efficiency of lentil cultivars "IWUE ", and (4) Photosynthetic pigment of leaves and total soluble protein content of lentil seeds. The obtained results could be summarized as follows. Lentil cv. "Giza 51" was recorded the highest values of all growth and yield components with all sowing patterns where as Sinai 1 cv. was recorded the lowest values of all the studied traits in both seasons. Also, the lowest amount of water consumptive use (WCU) was obtained from sowing method (Ridge-Furrow 75 cm) followed by Ridge-Furrow 50 cm for the three cultivars compared to the traditional planting.So we recommend cultivation of three lentil cultivars under Ridge-Furrow 75 cm cultivation methods.

M o h am e d El anw a r H. O sm a n F a hm y A b d -E la zi z E l -K a d y El-S a ye d Ab d -El at i f Ab d E l -f a ta h F od a O m n i a So b h y M o ham ed H ash emBiofertiliz ers as agent again st the harmful effect of s al inity on wheat ABSTRACT:The objectiv e of this s tud y was to i nv estigat e the abilit y of Biogen and C yanob act eria as biofertilizers for substit uti on of norm ally used chemic al fertiliz er (Urea), and to ameli orat e the harmf ul ef fec t i nduc ed b y s alinit y on tw o wheat c ultivars S ak ha 93 (salt t oler ant) and Gemiz a 10 (salt se nsitiv e). Res ults s howed that application of tw o s alinit y lev els (100 and 200 m M NaCl) c aus ed reduc tions in the germinati on perc entag e and the growt h paramet ers (plant height, N o. of l eaves /plant , leaf area, No. of inter nodes, fres h and dr y weights of s hoot and root/plant) and in the rate of diff erent m et abolic proc ess es (photos ynthetic ac tivit y, tot al c arbohydrat es and prot ein cont ent) and mos t yield paramet ers (plant height, No. of spike/m 2 , spike length, No. of grain/spike, grai n weight/spik e, 1000-grain weight , carbohydrates and prot ein cont ent). O n the ot her hand, applicati on of each biof ertilizers significantl y am elior ated t he harmf ul ef fec t induced by s alinit y on bot h w heat c ultiv ars. Howev er, the am eliorative eff ect was mor e significant wit h biogen t han c yanobact erial fertilizers for both cultiv ars. In addition, the application of both biof ertilizers c ould reduc e the rec ommended dos e of ur ea b y about 50% . The am elior ative eff ect could be attribut ed t o changes in t he anti oxidant enz ym e activiti es and i ndicat ed b y red ucti on of t he phenolic compounds i n respons e t o t he diff erent biofertilizer treatm ent . Acc ordingly, w e recomm end the us e of the two biof ertilizers for parti al s ubstit ution ( 50%) of the normall y used chemical f ertilizer (ur ea). F urthermore, we rec ommend the use of both biofertilizer f or the s alt y land (100-200 m M NaCl). KEY WORDS:Biof ertilizers, salini t y, w heat CORRESP ONDENCE:Moham ed E l anw ar H . O s m an Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt E-mail: elanwar_osman@yahoo.com I NTRODUCTI ON :Soil sali nit y is a maj or constr aint t o f ood production b ecaus e it limits crop yi eld and restricts use of land previousl y uncultiv at ed. The U nited Nations E nvironment Program estimates t hat approxim at ely 20% of agricultur al l and and 50% of crop land i n the world is salt-str ess ed. Natur al boundari es imposed b y soil sali nit y als o limit t he c aloric and t he nutriti onal pot ential of agricult ural production. Als o, it has b een estim at ed t hat more t han 50% of t he ar able land would be saliniz ed b y the year 2050 (J amil et al., 2011).Gener ally, salinit y i nduc es met abolic changes rel ated to prot ein tur nov er (alterations in protei n s ynthesis, m aintai ning the lev el of som e prot eins or protei n degradation) (Demirev ska et al., 2008). Salinit y...