In recent times, intense research has been focused on the performance enhancement of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) for electric vehicle (EV) applications to reduce their torque and current ripples. Permanent magnet synchronous motors are widely used in electric vehicle systems due to their high efficiency and high torque density. To have a good dynamic and transient response, an appropriate inverter topology is required. In this paper, a five-level inverter fed PMSM for electric vehicle applications, realized via co-simulation in an electromagnetic suite environment with a reduced stator winding current of PMSM via the use of in-phase disposition (PD) pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques as the control strategy is presented. The proposed topology minimizes the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the inverter circuit and the motor fed and also improves the torque ripples and the steady-state flux when compared to conventional PWM techniques. A good dynamic response was achieved with less than 10A stator winding current, zero percent overshoot, and 0.02 second settling time synchronization. Thus, the stator currents are relatively low when compared to the conventional PWM. This topology contribution to the open problem of evolving strategies that can enhance the performance of electric drive systems used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), mechatronics, and robotic systems.
The world’s energy requirement has been dominated by petroleum oil resources for years in many applications, especially in the area of electricity generation and utilization. Mineral oil application in power system equipment can be potentially hazardous to the environment, especially when there are incidents of transformer explosion, which caused spillages of oil to the soils or water streams and thereby pollute the surrounding environments. This paper is aimed at finding a substitute for the use of mineral oil as transformer oil. Experiments on breakdown voltages, flash points, pour points, viscosities, densities and insulation resistances on conventional mineral oil and some selected vegetable oils were conducted, analyzed and compared to the internationally accepted standards, ASTM (America Standard Test of Material). Rubber seed oil, Palm oil, Mellon oil, Ground oil and Palm kernel oil were found to have good electrical, chemical and thermal properties which the transformer oil has.
Wind power generation has recently received a lot of attention in terms of generating electricity, and it has emerged as one of the most important sources of alternative energy. Maximum power generation from a wind energy conversion system (WECS) necessitates accurate estimation of aerodynamic torque and system uncertainties. Regulating the wind energy conversion system (WECS) under varying wind speeds and improving the quality of electrical power delivered to the grid has become a difficult issue in recent years. A permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used in the grid-connected wind-turbine system under investigation, followed by back-to-back bidirectional converters. The machine-side converter (MSC) controls the PMSG speed, while the grid-side converter (GSC) controls the DC bus voltage and maintains the unity power factor. The control approach is second-order sliding mode controls, which are used to regulate a nonlinear wind energy conversion system while reducing chattering, which causes mechanical wear when using first-order sliding mode controls. The sliding mode control is created using the modified super-twisting method. Both the power and control components are built and simulated in the same MATLAB/Simulink environment. The study successfully decreased the chattering effect caused by the switching gain owing to the high activity of the control input.
The inherent property of invariance to structural and parametric uncertainties in sliding mode control makes it an attractive control strategy for chaotic dynamics control. This property can effectively constrain the chaotic property of sensitive dependence on initial conditions. In this paper, the trajectories of two identical four-dimensional hyperchaotic systems with fully-known parameters are globally synchronized using the integral sliding mode control technique. Based on the exponential reaching law and the Lyapunov stability principle, the problem of synchronizing the trajectories of the two systems was reduced to the control objective of asymptotically stabilizing the synchronization error state dynamics of the coupled systems in the sense of Lyapunov. To verify the effectiveness of the control laws, the model was numerically tested on a hyperchaotic system with a wide parameter space in a master-slave configuration. The parameters of the hyperchaotic system were subsequently varied to evolve a topologically non-equivalent hyperchaotic system that was identically coupled. In both cases, the modeled ISM control laws globally synchronized the dynamics of the coupled systems after transient times, which sufficiently proved the invariance property of the ISMC. This study offers an elegant technique for the modeling of an ISMC for hyperchaotic coupling systems. As an open problem, this synchronization technique holds promises for applications in robot motion control, chaos-based secure communication system design, and other sensitive nonlinear system control.
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