Quinoline or 1-aza-naphthalene is a weak tertiary base. Quinoline ring has been found to possess antimalarial, anti-bacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, cardiotonic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity. Quinoline not only has a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities but there are several established protocols for the synthesis of this ring. The article aims at highlighting these very diversities of the ring.

Pyrazoline is an important five membered nitrogen heterocycle, which has been extensively researched upon. The ring is quite stable and has inspired chemists to carry out various structural variations in the ring. This has propelled the development of distinct pyrazolines with an array of pharmacological activities viz. anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidepressant etc. The review aims at highlighting this pharmacological diversity of pyrazolines. The review is a gist of latest work done describing the pharmacological aspects and potential of pyrazoline ring.

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Among the plethora of heterocyclic nucleus discovered, the oxadiazoles have also been explored extensively. The oxadiazole structure has been demonstrated to bear important biological activities such as anti-cancer, antiinflammatory, anti-tuberculosis, anti-malarial and anti-schistosomiasis etc. The presence of oxadiazole motifs in diverse types of compounds proves its importance in the field of medicinal chemistry. This review is complementary to earlier reviews and covers recent updates of various pharmacological aspects of oxadiazoles. To help the reader better know the context for these approaches, a summary of various aspects of background of related topic is presented.

The article describes the development of a robust pharmacophore model and the investigation of structure activity relationship analysis of 48 aminophenyl benzamide derivatives reported for Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition using PHASE module of Schrodinger software. A five point pharmacophore model consisting of two aromatic rings (R), two hydrogen bond donors (D) and one hydrogen bond acceptor (A) with discrete geometries as pharmacophoric features was developed and the generated pharmacophore model was used to derive a predictive atom-based 3D QSAR model for the studied dataset. The obtained 3D QSAR model has an excellent correlation coefficient value (r(2)=0.99) along with good statistical significance as shown by high Fisher ratio (F=631.80). The model also exhibits good predictive power confirmed by the high value of cross validated correlation coefficient (q(2) = 0.85). The QSAR model suggests that hydrophobic character is crucial for the HDAC inhibitory activity exhibited by these compounds and inclusion of hydrophobic substituents will enhance the HDAC inhibition. In addition to the hydrophobic character, hydrogen bond donating groups positively contributes to the HDAC inhibition whereas electron withdrawing groups has a negative influence in HDAC inhibitory potency. The findings of the QSAR study provide a set of guidelines for designing compounds with better HDAC inhibitory potency.