Objective: The present study evaluated use of chemical method to determine components and category of urinary stones described in current stone disease guidelines.Methods: Chemical analysis of total of 198 urinary stones was performed between March 2014 and September 2015. Calcium, oxalate, uric acid, magnesium, phosphate, cysteine, ammonium, and carbonate were among components detected in stone composition. Stones were divided into groups based on presence of 1, 2, or 3 or more components. Composition results were compared with stone composition data provided in global guidelines.Results: Sixty-five (32.9%) samples consisted of 1 mineral and 133 (67.1%) contained more than 1. Of the total, 107 (54%) compositions were included in European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. The 107 samples included 45 (22.7%) with components of calcium oxalate, 22 (11.6%) of calcium phosphate, 11 (6.1%) of calcium and uric acid, 10 (5%) of uric acid, 7 (3.5%) of cysteine, 7 (3.5%) of carbonate apatite, 4 (2%) of ammonium urate, and 1 (0.5%) of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. However, 91 (46%) stones consisted of components that are not in current EAU guidelines. Conclusion:Chemical analysis was found insufficient to categorize stone types and components seen in EAU guidelines. There is also a lack of information on the process in the literature. It was concluded that chemical analysis is not the best method to evaluate urinary stones.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the success of intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatment, the factors affecting success, and current recommendations. Methods:This study was conducted by retrospectively investigating 300 cycles of IUI treatment performed in 183 patients between 2005 and 2009. The results of a single IUI treatment session performed 32 to 36 hours after a dose of 10,000 units of chorionic gonadotropin was administered to patients with unexplained infertility were analyzed. The patients were aged between 19 and 42 years with a median follicle-stimulating hormone test result of 7.15 mIU/L, a total motile sperm count exceeding 5 million/mL, and a follicle size of at least 15 mm with treatment. Results:The successful pregnancy rate with spontaneous coitus after clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was 12.5% (13/104) The successful pregnancy rate with IUI after CC treatment was 11.7% (16/136), and the successful pregnancy rate with IUI after gonadotropin treatment was 23.4% (14/60). A total of 43/300 pregnancies were achieved and the overall success rate was 14.3%. When the results of the 43 pregnancies obtained were examined, 32 term pregnancies (10.7%) were achieved, there were 9 (3.0%) cases of abortus, 1 (0.7%) ectopic pregnancy, and 1 (0.7%) chemical pregnancy. Conclusion:CC is still the best agent for first-line treatment in couples with unexplained infertility. In cases refractory to gonadotropins, IUI promotes clinical success. IUI has the advantages of low cost, easy applicability and accessibility, low morbidity, and a significant success rate.