ObjectivesWe compared the laboratory and clinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), other viral (beside COVID-19), and bacterial conjunctivitis patients with the values of controls.MethodsTwenty COVID-19, 15 other viral, 15 bacterial patients, and 15 control group were included in the study. COVID-19 was diagnosed with the real time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction while the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was used in the detection of other viral agents. Bacterial agents were determined with the detection of the agent. The ophthalmologic examination of all cases was carried out by direct penlight, and the anterior segment evaluation was performed. The laboratory findings of all cases included in the study were obtained from the hospital records.ResultsIt was determined that 5% conjunctivitis and 5% diplopia developed in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 20% conjunctivitis developed in patients due to other viral agents, and 66.6% conjunctivitis developed in patients due to bacterial agents.ConclusionThe incidence of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients was lower than in other viral and bacterial groups. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein come to the forefront as precious parameters with high specificity and sensitivity that might be useful to distinguish these diseases.

Spinal anesthesia is often preferred in short-term surgeries because it is a low-cost technique that can be applied easily, has a high success rate, and allows fast mobilization and early feeding (1). The side effects in this application can vary with the technique that is used (2). Inadequate spinal anesthesia, high or total spinal block, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, systemic toxic reaction, hypotension, bradycardia, nausea/vomiting, headache, spinal puncture pain, meningitis or meningismus, neurological sequelae, urinary retention, and hearing loss may be seen as a result of the effect created by the spread of the local anesthetic agent in the subarachnoid space (3).In our study, we aimed to compare the early and late complication rates of two different techniques (median or paramedian approach) in spinal anesthesia, which is the most preferred anesthetic method in our clinic for short-term surgeries. Material and MethodsOur study was conducted after the ethics committee approval no. 42883194-01/10405, dated November 18th, 2014, was received from the Ethics Committee of Fırat University Hospital. Of 282 patients who underwent short-term surgeries under spinal anesthesia between January 1st, 2014, and March 1st, 2014, 80 patients aged 18-65 years and classified as ASA I/II/III according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, who could be reached at telephone numbers that we had on file, were included in the study. Since the study was retrospective, informed consents were not received from the patients. The files of the patients were obtained from the archive, and the patients in whom the median technique was used were included in Group M (n=40), and those in whom the paramedian technique was used were included in Group P (n=40). Demographic data (age, gender, height, weight), ASA, the number of spinal anesthesia applications, duration of surgery, preoperative and intraoperative heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded from the anesthesia follow-up chart, and the discharge durations from the hospital and the number of patients who underwent urinary catheterization were recorded from the nurse observation forms. Information was received from the patients who were contacted by phone about postoperative headache, pain at the site of procedure, hearing complaints, and about the other complaints. Which Approach is Preferred in Spinal Anesthesia: Median or Paramedian? Comparison of Early and Late ComplicationsIntroduction: Spinal anesthesia is usually preferred for short-time surgery; the side effects of the process can show difference with techniques. We aimed to compare early and late complications of median and paramedian techniques in spinal anesthesia.Methods: Eighty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III were allocated into the following two groups: Group M (median) and Group P (paramedian). Demographic data of the patients, ASA score, number of spinal anesthesia application, total surgery time, discharge time from the hospital, h...

Araştırma ÖZETAmaç: Çalışmamızda, 2010-2014 Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all the patients above 10 years age treated in Elazığ Research and Training Hospital Intensive Care Unit with the diagnosis of poisoning between January 2010 and January 2014.Results: A total of 480 patients (women, n=334; 69.6%, mean age, 26.2±12.01 yrs and men, n=146; 30.4%, mean age, 28.3±11.8 years) were included in the study. The most common cause of poisoning was related to drug therapy (n=411 (85.6%). In single drug poisoning, the most frequently encountered group was using analgesic-antiinflammatory drugs (n= 125: 37.4%). Majority (n=407: 84.8%) of all cases were suicide attempts with a female predominancy (n=293: 72%).

Purpose Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a nonphysiological procedure in which inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress are induced, hormones and hemodynamic parameters are affected, and circulation is maintained outside the body. This study aimed to examine the effects of CPB on blood subfatin (SUB), asprossin (ASP), alamandine (ALA) and maresin-1 (MaR-1) levels. Materials and Methods Controls and patients who underwent open-heart surgery with CPB and whose age and body mass indices were compatible with each other were included in the study. Venous blood samples were collected from CPB patients (n =19) before anesthesia induction (T1), before CPB (T2), 5 min before cross-clamp removal (T3), 5 min after cross-clamp removal (T4), when taken to the intensive care unit (T5), postoperative 24th hour (T6) and 72nd hour (T7) postoperatively. Venous blood was collected from the healthy controls (n =19). The amounts of SUB, ASP, ALA, and MaR-1 in the blood samples were measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results The amounts of SUB and MaR-1 in the control group were significantly higher than those in CPB patients, while these parameters in T1-T3 blood gradually decreased in CPB patients ( p <0.01). It was also reported that the amounts of ASP and ALA in the control group were significantly lower than those in CPB patients, whereas those parameters in the T1-T3 blood samples increased gradually in CPB patients, but started to decrease in T4-T7 blood samples. Conclusion These hormonal changes in the organism due to CPB demonstrate that “hormonal metabolic adaptation” mechanisms may be activated to eliminate the negative consequences of surgery. According to these data, SUB, MaR-1, anti-alamandine, and anti-asprosin could be used in CPB surgeries may come to the fore in the future to increase the safety of CPB surgeries.

BackgroundCardiac arrhythmia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study, through examination of the effects on the QTc interval of different doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine, we investigated the relationship with arrhythmia.Material/MethodsA total of 60 patients were separated into 2 groups: spinal block was applied with 10 mg bupivacaine to Group S1 and with 15 mg to Group S2. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) values were recorded before the spinal block and at 5 and 30 min after the block and at 60 min postoperatively. By recording the time of the spinal sensory block to reach T10 dermatome (Anaesth T) and the duration of the surgical procedure (Surg T.), the QTc intervals were calculated.ResultsThe demographic data were similar in both groups. A statistically significant difference was determined between the S1 and S2 groups between the baseline and the 30 mins after spinal block QTc intervals (p=0.001). No statistically significant difference in HR values was determined between the groups at baseline, 5 min after spinal block, and 1 h after surgery (all p>0.05), but at 30 min after spinal block value there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.010). No statistically significant difference was determined in MAP values between the groups at baseline and 1 h after surgery (p>0.05).ConclusionsThe QTc interval lengthened in a dose-dependent manner after spinal anesthesia was applied with different doses of bupivacaine, but the doses used did not cause any severe arrhythmia.