No abstract

Predicting and managing the variability between patients is a significant clinical challenge in stimulation protocols. Research into predictive factors and the construction of multivariate models are the first steps towards evidence-based individualized treatment. The current practice of individualized treatment is based only on clinical experience and has poor reproducibility.

The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) blocker tocilizumab in a hyperstimulated rat model and compare it with ranibizumab, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRHA), and cabergoline. Forty-seven rats were randomly divided into the following seven groups: Group 1: OHS; Group 2: OHS+ GnRHA; Group 3: OHS + ranibizumab; Group 4: OHS + cabergoline; Group 5: OHS + low-dose tocilizumab (TL); Group 6: OHS + high-dose tocilizumab (TH); Group 7: sham. Ovarian weight was significantly lower only in the ranibizumab group than in the OHS group. Estrogen levels were significantly lower in the GnRHA group than in the OHS and the treatment groups. Progesterone levels were significantly lower in the ranibizumab, cabergoline, and TL groups than in the OHS group. Among the treatment groups, corpus luteum counts were lower than in the OHS group. Corpus luteum counts were lowest in the tocilizumab groups. IL-6 intensity was lower in all treatment groups than in the OHS group. In the ranibizumab group IL-6 intensity was the lowest. The TL group did not significantly differ from the GnRHA and cabergoline groups regarding IL-6 expression. Ovarian VEGF expression was significantly lower in all treatment groups. For the TL, ranibizumab, and cabergoline groups VEGF intensity was similar. Tocilizumab may be a new strategy for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome by inhibition of IL-6.

Two types of gynecologic tumors are commonly described in the Turner syndrome, the first one is gonadoblastoma, which occurs in patients with Y chromosome abnormalities, and the second one is endometrial carcinoma which is mostly related with exogenous estrogen usage. Here, we describe an extremely rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in a virgin woman with Turner syndrome. A 35-years old single, virgin woman referred to our Oncology Department with warty, necrotized, exophytic 6-7 cm vulvar mass. She had a history of primary amenorrhea and mosaic Turner syndrome was determined in her karyotype analysis. Biopsy specimen of the vulvar mass revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, and total vulvectomy with inguinal femoral lymphadenectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and there has been no recurrence of the disease up to date. Women with Turner syndrome have streak ovaries that produce very low estrogen and the squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva may have developed at an early age with Turner syndrome because of this low estrogen value similar to postmenopausal women. The current case is a special case due to its age of occurrence, virgin and Turner syndrome status.

Free-space optical (FSO) links are an effective alternative to radio frequency (RF) to handle high-rate data transmission in case of a general communication service failure in disaster scenarios. Establishing high data rate links under the impacts of extreme environmental conditions, like the unregulated RF spectrum, is a very challenging issue. This paper focuses on multicopter (e.g., quadrocopter or hexacopter) based earth observation systems. Its main objective is to show that FSO communication can provide a high-rate link for transmitting earth observation data from a multicopter to a ground station, even under environmental disaster conditions. Before analyzing the feasibility of such an optical multicopter system, the main system structure will be discussed in detail. Several system designs will be compared and evaluated based on link budget calculations. In this process, a novel Grating Light Valve (GLV) retroreflector modulator technology will be introduced in this work. The study will emphasize that a reliable 100 Mbit/s FSO data transmission will be feasible to provide a downlink capacity for multicopter based earth observation systems.