No abstract

This study aims to present the environmental performance of agriculture in Turkey, focusing on the post-2000 period, and to evaluate the agri-environmental support instruments in Turkey in light of the data obtained. According to the findings, it can be asserted that, in spite of several positive developments, Turkey’s agriculture seems to be far from sustainable. The number of farmers and the extent of the agricultural land aided by the support instruments account for very small portions of the total figures. At the same time, the amount of support provided to producers also has a very small share of the total agricultural support. Considering the findings about agri-environmental performance and agri-environmental support instruments together, we suggest that while the use of these support instruments is a positive step, the supports have not had an impact on inducing a green transition in agriculture yet. Uncertainties caused by legislative changes, amounts of support falling short of the cost of a green transition in agriculture, lack of knowledge and training activities regarding environment-friendly agricultural methods, and lack of effective organization of agricultural producers are thought to be among the reasons for this result.

Piyasa yapısının ücretler ve karlar üzerindeki etkileri 1950'li yıllardan itibaren hem iktisatçıların hem de regülasyon otoritelerinin ilgisini çeken önemli konulardan biri olmuştur. Yüksek yoğunlaşmanın (eksik rekabetin) ücretler ve karlar üzerinde olumlu etki yarattığını ileri süren birçok teorik ve uygulamalı çalışma bulunmaktadır. Türkiye için ise yoğunlaşma, ücret ve karlılık ilişkileri Aksoy (1983) tarafından incelenmiş ve yoğunlaşmanın yüksek olduğu endüstrilerde gerek ücretlerin gerekse karların yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışmada daha önce Aksoy (1983)'de ele alınan yoğunlaşma, karlılık ve ücret ilişkileri, Türkiye imalat sanayii alt sektörlerinden derlenen veriler ile ileri panel veri yöntemlerinden yararlanılarak yeniden incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre yoğunlaşma oranı, hem ücretler hem de karlar üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahiptir.

PurposeIn a simple reciprocal dumping model of trade, this study scrutinizes the strategic role of trade and commodity taxes as environmental instruments when consumption of an imported product generates pollution. The results suggest that for sufficiently small values of the marginal disutility from pollution, commodity taxes can be preferred over import tariffs, and compared to the case of trade policies, free trade can be welfare dominating even for higher values of the marginal disutility from pollution when commodity taxes are used strategically as environmental instruments.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ a reciprocal dumping model of trade.FindingsA sufficiently high marginal disutility from pollution (or sufficient asymmetries between the countries in terms of their marginal disutility from pollution) may jeopardize bilateral trade, especially if countries are given the option to set tariffs freely for imported goods (consumption of which generate environmental pollution). For sufficiently weak transboundary pollution and sufficiently low marginal disutility from pollution, (1) both Nash trade and domestic policies may prove to be helpful in addressing consumption-based pollution, and (2) it is possible to show in such a case that Nash domestic policies may be preferred over Nash trade policies, especially when both transboundary pollution and the trading partner's marginal disutility from pollution are sufficiently low.Originality/valueThe novel contribution of this paper is (1) to capture asymmetries among trading partners in terms of how much they account for environmental pollution when deciding on their (domestic/trade) policy measures and (2) to focus on environmental degradation that is caused by final consumption of a product imported from a trading partner.

Agricultural water use for irrigation in Turkey is higher than OECD averages. The main reason for this is the widespread use of surface irrigation methods. Since Turkey is not a water-rich country, high agricultural water use can be considered as a serious sustainability problem. Cotton, as an industrial crop, keeps its importance in Turkey in terms of its added value and foreign exchange inflow it provides directly and indirectly. This study scrutinizes the transformation of existing irrigation systems in Harran district by employing an agent-based model and also calculates the amount of areabased irrigation support required to ensure this transformation.