Rosacea is a disease of multifactorial origin, and individual properties may modify the severity of the inflammatory response to Demodex. We suggest that a certain mite density is not an appropriate criterion in the diagnosis of the disease; nevertheless, large numbers of D. folliculorum may have an important role in the pathogenesis of rosacea, together with other triggering factors.

Because CL can mimic many other skin diseases, early diagnosis and early treatment are very important to prevent complications and spread of the disease. The fastest and easiest diagnostic method is the leishmanial smear. The most common treatment is the use of local or systemic pentavalent antimony compounds.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and the effect of narrowband (NB) ultraviolet (UV) B phototherapy on oxidative stress markers. Methods: Patients with vitiligo and healthy control subjects were included in the study. Patients in the vitiligo group were treated with an NB-UVB regimen (3 Â weekly for 6 months). Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), erythrocyte malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) levels were assessed in all participants at baseline, and after NB-UVB phototherapy in patients with vitiligo. Results: A total of 24 patients with vitiligo and 27 control subjects were included in the study. Before treatment, erythrocyte MDA levels were significantly higher, and SOD and GSH-Px levels were significantly lower, in patients with vitiligo compared with controls. NB-UVB phototherapy was associated with a significant reduction in MDA levels and a significant increase in GSH-Px levels, compared with baseline, in patients with vitiligo. Conclusion: NB-UVB phototherapy may relieve oxidative stress in patients with vitiligo by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance that is considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

An open-labeled, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of paromomycin ointment as compared with ketoconazole was conducted on seventy-two patients of both sexes and different ages with the confirmed diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). All patients had a complete clinical evaluation for other diseases. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant or nursing or if they had serious concomitant diseases. Patients were divided randomly into two treatment groups: in the first group 40 patients were treated with an ointment containing 15% paromomycin sulfate and 12% methylbenzothonium chloride in white soft paraffin (labeled as p-ointment by El-On1) twice daily for 15 days. Treated lesions were left uncovered. The second group consisted of 32 patients who received ketoconazole 400 mg/day orally for 30 days. This dosage was reduced to 200 mg/day for patients below 12 years of age. In all cases the diagnosis was based on positive smear and/or culture. Direct smears were prepared from the exudate obtained by a small incision made at the edge of the lesion with a sterile surgical blade or lancet and stained using the Giemsa method for leishmania bodies (Fig 1). In smear negative and suspected cases aspirates taken by puncturing the lesions were inoculated onto NNN (Novy, McNeal, Nicolle) medium for culture. The cultures were incubated at 28 degrees C and the development of motile promastigotes was observed. Clinical and parasitological evaluations of the patients were performed at the end of the treatment period and 4 weeks post-treatment. A cure was defined as complete healing and disappearance of the lesion or reversible hypopigmentation at the site of lesion. Incomplete or partial improvement was defined as a reduction in the size of a lesion and the absence of parasites on smear or culture. A treatment failure was defined as the absence of any changes in the lesion and persistence of parasites on smear or culture.

Nevus comedonicus is an uncommon variant of adnexal hamartoma without known cause. It usually occurs on the face, neck and chest and appears as groups of closely arranged dilated follicular openings with keratin plugs. We report extensive inflammatory nevus comedonicus in a 14-year-old boy involving half of his body, limited by the midline, with suppuration and residual scarring. The lesions first appeared at 3 years of age and worsened at the start of puberty. The clinical features, etiopathology, histopathology and treatment options of nevus comedonicus are briefly reviewed in the light of the literature.