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Citation: Pazienza M, Britti MS, Carestia M, Cenciarelli O, D'Amico F, et al. (2013) Application of Real-Time PCR to Identify Residual Bio-Decontamination of Confined Environments after Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Treatment: Preliminary Results. J Microb Biochem Technol 6: 024-028. AbstractThis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor (HPV) to remove biological contamination in a confined environment and to evaluate real-time PCR assay as a technique for the evaluation of the decontamination efficiency. Decontamination after the dispersion of biological aerosol is a main issue from a civilian, public health and military perspective. Despite the effectiveness of aggressive substances, eco-friendly but still efficient methods for decontamination are a relevant demand and Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor (HPV) is among the most recent and promising technologies in this field. Another related issue is: when an environment can be considered fully decontaminated? The answer clearly depends on the objectives of the decontamination and this will affect the choice of the methodology.Furthermore, classical microbiological and molecular biology techniques are commonly used to identify biological contamination and residual contamination, but many of them are time consuming and require advanced training for the operators who perform the analysis. This may represent a bottleneck, especially when a quick response to an emergency is needed (i.e. during an unconventional event like CBRNe ones). In this work, a combination of commercially available equipment for detection, identification and decontamination, was evaluated in partnership between the Italian Army, the Department of Industrial Engineering and the School of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Rome "Tor Vergata". The purpose of this work was to find a setup for equipment and methodologies for detection, identification and decontamination, to implement in case of biological events. Preliminary results show that, despite the death of the microorganisms, nucleic acids are not completely degraded by HPV treatment and, as a consequence, that real-time PCR may be the adequate, quick and easy method to verify the efficiency of bio decontamination when nucleic acid degradation represent the final objective. Volume 6(1): 024-028 (2013) -025 J Microb Biochem Technol ISSN: 1948-5948 JMBT, an open access journal Citation: Pazienza M, Britti MS, Carestia M, Cenciarelli O, D'Amico F, et al. (2013) Application of Real-Time PCR to Identify Residual Bio-Decontamination of Confined Environments after Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Treatment: Preliminary Results. J Microb Biochem Technol 6: 024-028. Volume 6(1): 024-028 (2013) -026 J Microb Biochem Technol ISSN: 1948-5948 JMBT, an open access journal Citation: Pazienza M, Britti MS, Carestia M, Cenciarelli O, D'Amico F, et al. (2013) Application of Real-Time PCR to Identify Residual Bio-Decontamination of Confined Environments after Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Treatment: Preliminary Results. J Microb Biochem Technol 6: 02...

Although most Pancreas Transplants (PTs) are currently performed with exocrine enteric drainage, <20% also incorporate portal venous delivery of insulin (portal-enteric drainage). The purpose of this study was to analyze outcomes according to surgical technique. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed outcomes in 202 consecutive PTs in 192 patients at our center. All patients received either r-ATG or alemtuzumab induction with tacrolimus/mycophenolate ± steroids. Results:From 11/01 to 3/13, we performed 162 simultaneous kidney-PTs (SKPT), 35 sequential PTs after kidney, and 5 PTs alone (40 solitary PTs). A total of 179 (89%) were performed with portal-enteric and 23 with systemic-enteric drainage; all PTs were initially approached as intent-to-treat with portal-enteric drainage. Indications for systemic-enteric drainage were pancreas retransplantation following primary PT with portal-enteric drainage (N=9), central obesity (N=7), and unfavorable vascular anatomy (n=7). The systemic-enteric drainage group was characterized by more pancreas retransplants (39% versus 4%, p<0.0001), more solitary PTs (35% versus 18%, p=0.09), more African-Americans (39% versus 17%, p=0.02) and more patients with C-peptide positive diabetes (30% versus 13%, p=0.054) compared to the portal-enteric drainage group. Although the proportions of male recipients (70% versus 56%), recipients ≥ 80 kg (30% versus 24%), and early relaparotomy rates (48% versus 36%) were all numerically higher in systemic-enteric versus portal-enteric PTs, respectively, none of these differences were significant. The incidence of early PT thrombosis was 4% in systemic-enteric compared to 8% in portal-enteric PTs (p=NS). With a mean follow-up of 5 years in systemic-enteric compared to 6 years in portal-enteric PT recipients, respective patient survival (70% versus 84%) and pancreas graft survival (61% versus 60%) rates were comparable; respective death-censored kidney graft survival (81% versus 82%) rates were similar. Conclusion:In patients with disqualifying technical features for PT with portal-enteric drainage, comparable overall results can be achieved with systemic-enteric PT as a secondary technique.

Microcontrolled systems coupled biosensors have attracted attention. Here, we describe an automated and portable microcontrolled pumping flow system (µC-PFS) developed to biosensing application. The flow system is fully automatic, portable, it works in battery module and it dispenses the use of microcomputer and the manual operations. This device presents mainly a microcontroller as central processing unit (CPU), an aquarium air pump and three-way solenoid valves to propulsion and the volume control of aliquots inserted in the flow system. Once available its performance, this device was used to pump samples and solution towards a compacted and miniaturized electrochemical flow cell (EFC) employing a multicommutated flow procedure. In the EFC, it was used a biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase immobilized on the gold nanoparticles modified-screen printed carbon electrode, which was used in order to perform the determination of diuron by enzymatic inhibition employing a chronoamperometry. Under the best experimental conditions, the calibration curve for diuron determination was linear in the concentration range from 80 to 1400 nmol/L with a detection limit of 50 nmol/L. Moreover, the proposed system was fully automated, showed precise, with low consumption of sample and waste generation with an analytical throughput of 13/h.