There has been little attention given to examining innovation under the conditions in which community sport organizations (CSO) operate. In this case study, the process under which one CSO undertook a technological innovation is explored. The purpose of this research was to classify the determinants that contributed to the innovation process, and identify at which particular stages of innovation those determinants were critical. Interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders were conducted during the innovation process. Observations were made at important points during the implementation of the innovation. Leadership commitment, pro-innovation characteristics, organizational capacity, simple organizational design, and involved and interested external parties were identified as determinants of this technological innovation. The findings illustrate multiple determinants of innovation at the managerial, organization, and environmental levels. Some of these span the entire innovation process, while others are critical only at particular stages.

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The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), like all public safety personnel (PSP), are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events that contribute to posttraumatic stress injuries (PTSI). Addressing PTSI is impeded by the limited available research. In this protocol paper, we describe the RCMP Study, part of the concerted efforts by the RCMP to reduce PTSI by improving access to evidence-based assessments, treatments and training as well as participant recruitment and RCMP Study developments to date. The RCMP Study has been designed to (1) develop, deploy and assess the impact of a system for ongoing annual, monthly and daily evidence-based assessments; (2) evaluate associations between demographic variables and PTSI; (3) longitudinally assess individual differences associated with PTSI; (4) augment the RCMP Cadet Training Program with skills to proactively mitigate PTSI; and (5) assess the impact of the augmented training condition (ATC) versus the standard training condition (STC). Participants in the STC (n = 480) and ATC (n = 480) are assessed before and after training and annually for 5 years on their deployment date; they also complete brief monthly and daily surveys. The RCMP Study results are expected to benefit the mental health of all participants, RCMP and PSP by reducing PTSI among all who serve.

Although information retrieval techniques used byIn recent years, a significant amount of research has been devoted to the creation of Web search engines that can index billions of documents and return the search results in fractions of a second. A prime example of this are the Web information retrieval techniques developed by Google (Brin & Page, 1998;Ghemawat, Gobioff, & Leung, 2003). However, the presentation of Web search results has remained essentially unchanged since the early days of Web search. Commonly, the search results are presented in a list-based This simple list-based representation provides the search results in a clear and effective manner for determining the relevance of individual document surrogates. However, studies have found that Web searchers seldom venture past the third page of the search results (Silverstein, Henzinger, Marais, & Moricz, 1999;Spink, Wolfram, Jansen, & Saracevic, 2001). If the users are able to craft an effective query, they may be able to find enough relevant documents in the first few pages to satisfy their information needs. However, when vague or misleading queries are provided, it is more common for the users to either reformulate their query or give up rather than continue to evaluate a set of seemingly non-relevant document surrogates.In conducting informal evaluations of the search results from a number of vague queries, we found there to be many highly relevant documents buried deep in the search results, even when there were many non-relevant documents in the first three pages of search results. Through the interactive manipulation and exploration of the Web search results, searchers may be able to access these relevant documents easily and efficiently, resulting in fewer non-relevant documents being viewed as the they seek to fulfill their information needs. To test this hypothesis, we developed a system for visualizing and interactively manipulating Web search results, called HotMap. This meta-search system retrieves the top search results returned by the Google API (Google, 2005) and presents these results in a compact visual manner that supports both visual information processing and user-directed exploration.This research was motivated by a method commonly used by the authors for evaluating the relevance of document surrogates in a list-based representation of the search results: identifying which document surrogates are making frequent

Position information is an important aspect of a mobile device's context. While GPS is widely used to provide location information, it does not work well indoors. Wi-Fi network infrastructure is found in many public facilities and can be used for indoor positioning. In addition, the ubiquity of Wi-Fi-capable devices makes this approach especially cost-effective. In recent years, "folksonomy"-like systems such as Wikipedia or Delicious Social Bookmarking have achieved huge successes. User collaboration is the defining characteristic of such systems. For indoor positioning mechanisms, it is also possible to incorporate collaboration in order to improve system performance, especially for fingerprinting-based approaches. In this article, a robust and efficient model is devised for integrating human-centric collaborative feedback within a baseline Wi-Fi fingerprinting-based indoor positioning system. Experiments show that the baseline system performance (i.e., positioning error and precision) is improved by collecting both positive and negative feedback from users. Moreover, the feedback model is robust with respect to malicious feedback, quickly self-correcting based on subsequent helpful feedback from users.