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The purpose of the study was to synthesize and characterize a new form of topical membranes as chitosan-based hydrogel membranes for bacterial skin infections. The polymeric membranes were synthesized by modification in free radical solution polymerization technique. High molecular weight (HMW) chitosan polymer was cross-linked with monomer 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) through cross-linker N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). Mupirocin, an antibiotic, was used as model drug. The polymeric membranes were prepared in spherical form that found stable and elastic. Characterization of hydrogel membranes was performed by FTIR, SEM, DSC, TGA, swelling behavior, drug release, irritation study, and ex vivo drug permeation and deposition study. Structural and thermal studies confirmed the formation of new polymeric network with enhanced stability of hydrogel membranes. Permeation flux of drug from optimized formulation through rabbit's skin assessed by using Franz cell was up to 104.09 μg cm h. Furthermore, hydrogel membrane has significant retention of drug in skin up to 2185 μg 1.5 cm. Draize patch test confirmed the synthesized hydrogels as non-irritant to skin. The preparation of a topical membrane with improved antibacterial activity within controlled release manner is desirable for the advancement and treatment of skin diseases.

The purpose of current research work was to synthesize and evaluate the cross‐linked ternary hydrogels using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and two monomers itaconic acid and methacrylic acid. Controlled combinatorial drug delivery systems (CCDDS) were synthesized by free radical solution polymerization method using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross‐linking agent. 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) and leucovorin calcium (LC) were loaded in combination into synthesized gels for colonic delivery. Various characterizations such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, TGA, powder X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to confirm the cross‐linking of functional groups, thermal stability, crystal structure, and surface morphology of developed formulations. Swelling and drug release was performed at higher and lower pH (1.2, 7.4) buffer solution. Increase in swelling was observed at higher pH 7.4. Cumulative percent release of 5‐FU and LC was 29.8% and 27.2% at pH 1.2, and 86.9% and 87.01% at pH 7.4, respectively. Kinetic modeling was applied on optimized hydrogel formulation, and the results showed that release of 5‐FU and LC best expressed by first‐order kinetic model with regression coefficient (R2) value 0.937 for 5‐FU and 0.963 for LC. Acute oral toxicity was performed on healthy rabbits, and results showed that the synthesized CCDDS is nontoxic and compatible with biological system. In vivo studies on rabbits were conducted using HPLC, and plasma drug concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. Newly synthesized CCDDS showed a good pH‐responsive swelling and controlled drug delivery characteristics. CCDDS can be used as excellent carrier for various therapeutic agents, which are compatible with biological system.

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