T HE goal of this study is to see if selenium can counteract the effects of cyclophosphamide on albino rats' submandibular salivary gland tissues. 24 male rats were separated into four groups, each with 6 rats aged 12 -16 weeks weighing 300-400 grams: the first was given physiological saline orally, the second was given selenium (200 mg/kg) orally for 14 days, and the third group was given cyclophosphamide orally once (150 mg /kg). On day 8, group 5 th group(IV) got selenium (200 Mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.). On day 15, all rats were sedated and slaughtered, and the salivary glands of the submandibular region were collected. In comparison to the other groups, the third group lost weight significantly. The histopathological study revealed mucosal acini necrosis with edema surrounding the striated ducts, as well as mucosal acini cell atrophy and vacuoles in the serous acini. A decrease in the number of granulocytic convoluted tubules, an increase in fibrous tissue surrounding the interlobular ducts, and serous acinar apoptosis characteristics were also seen. In comparison to the other groups with moderate to severe foci, immunohistochemical results in this group demonstrated modest to the negative expression of (anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein) in stromal cells among the acinar cells of the salivary glands. We concluded that cyclophosphamide caused structural alterations in the submandibular salivary glands of rats and that selenium alleviated these side effects, as seen by histological investigation and immunohistochemistry analysis of Bcl-2 expression.

Glucagonomas are neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that arise from the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets. They are typically slow-growing tumors associated with abnormal glucagon secretion, resulting in one or more non-specific clinical features, such as necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), diabetes, diarrhea, deep vein thrombosis, weight loss, and depression. Here, we report the case of a 44-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus, presenting with a pruritic and painful disseminated cutaneous eruption of erythematous plaques, with scales and peripheral pustules, misdiagnosed as disseminated pustular psoriasis and treated for 2 years with oral retinoid and glucocorticoids. During this period, the patient complained of weight loss of 32 kg and diarrhea and developed deep vein thrombosis. These symptoms, together with an inadequate response to therapy of the skin lesions, led to the reassessment of the initial diagnosis. Laboratory tests confirmed elevated plasma glucagon levels (>1000 pg/mL) and computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a 35/44 mm tumor in the pancreatic tail. Due to considerable disease complications and the COVID-19 pandemic, the surgical removal of the tumor was delayed for nearly 2 years. During this time, somatostatin analogue therapy efficiently controlled the glucagonoma syndrome and likely prevented tumor progression. As in other functional pancreatic NETs, the early clinical recognition of hormonal hypersecretion syndrome and the multidisciplinary approach are the keys for best patient management.

Present day increasing dependence on electricity, in both home and work environments, can lead, if the necessary precautions are not met, to a wide type of injuries, from cutaneous burns to important visceral lesions. We report the case of a 44 year-old male with cutaneous and severe visceral lesions, paresis and paresthesia of the right upper limb induced by a high energy electrical shock. No psychiatric manifestations were observed. This case followed an unusual course due to the particular evolution of the hepatic lesions, which included necrosis, abscesses, thrombosis and angiocholitis.

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