KEYWORDS Mammographically dense breasts BI-RADS US lexiconAbstract Purpose: To assess the role of ultrasonography in detection, and categorization of breast lesions in patients with mammographically dense breasts with the use of the BI-RADS US lexicon. Patients and methods: This study included 60 female patients (age range from 20 to 80 years, mean 38.3 ± 11.9) complaining of mastalgia, breast lump or nipple discharge with mammographically dense breast tissue. Breast ultrasound was performed to all patients with a 12-MHz lineararray transducer. Sonographic findings of the breast lesions were described and categorized according to the BI-RADS US assessment categories. Biopsy procedures were performed for the sonographically detected breast lesions with histopathological examination of the biopsied tissue. Results: The main complaint was palpable breast mass encountered in 25 patients, 12 of mastalgia, 4 of nipple discharge, 12 patients were on screening and 7 on follow up. 36 patients were categorized as ACR 3 and 24 ACR 4 regarding the density of their breasts in mammography. Mammography revealed no abnormalities in 31 patients and abnormal in 29 patients, the commonest mammographic finding was breast mass, detected in 19 patients. Ultrasound detected breast lesions in 56 (93.3%) out of 60 patients. BI-RADS US category 2 was the most common category representing 36.7%. Ultrasonography had a diagnostic reliability for differentiating between benign and * Corresponding author. Address:

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Objective: To study whether fetal main pulmonary artery (MPA) Doppler indices can predict the development of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Study Design: This Observational Prospective cohort study included pregnant women between 28-and 40-weeks gestation. The diagnostic accuracy of MPA Doppler measurements (pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and acceleration time/ejection time (At/Et)) for diagnosis of neonatal RDS was tested by comparing the Doppler findings with the clinical outcome. Results: Of the 40 eligible fetuses, 9 (22%) developed neonatal RDS There was a significant correlation between the AT/ET and the development of the RDS as the AT/ET was significantly lower in the RDS +ve group (mean 0.27) in comparison to the RDS -ve group (mean 0.34) (P 0.001). While both PI and RI showed no statistically significant difference in between the two groups. A cutoff value of 0.3 for At/Et predicted the development of RDS (sensitivity: 77.78%, specificity: 83.87%). Conclusion: Development of neonatal RDS can be predicted using the MPA At/Et with high sensitivity and specificity.

Introduction: Graft function on long term into patients with LUTD is still a myth, So, we aimed know the natural history of LUTD and graft function into patient with abnormal lower urinary tract. Patient and methods: The study was conducted by retrospective review of 129 files of pediatric live renal transplant patients; Patients in either group had clinical evaluation of lower urinary tract function and assessment of graft functions at least one year after RT. Results: On evaluation the magnitude of change of cystometric variables we found 57% improvement of incidence of urodynamic detrusor overactivity and 48% improvement in patient categorized as poor/decreased compliance. There was 90% increase in the number of patients with adequate capacity. Patients showed 55.5% decrease in the number of patient with high PVR. Conclusion: Live donor renal transplant into pediatric patients with LUTD due to organic or neurogenic lower urinary tract pathology showed high serum creatinine on long term follow up.

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